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City States were small nations ruled by a city. Some of the best-known city states were Venice and Florence. These were crucial in the development of the Renaissance.
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The Renaissance was a period of time after the Middle Ages. This period of time was a time of rebirth. Many cultures were lost because of the fall of the Roman empire, and they grew back because of the Renaissance.
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The wool manufacturers' guild wanted to make new doors for the Baptistry of the local church, so they that invited many artists in Florence to participe in a contest for the door design. 23 year old Lorenzo Ghilberti won this contest and spent the next 50 years working on the bronze doors.
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Masaccio changed paiting greatly with his new technique called persepctive. He was commissioned in 1425 to decorate the walls of a chapel in Florence and he used his technique in the painting "The Healing of the Cripple and the Resurrection of Tabitha".
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Cosimo de Medici was the richest man of his time. He made sure his city council members liked him and kept the lower classes happy with them. He beautified the city that he ruled.
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The painting displayed is of Saint Martin of Tours, a Bishop of the city of Tours, which is in Central France. The name of this artist is unknown, but it is known that he was from Franconia, a region on the southern Rhine River in Germany.
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The High Renaissance was a time of extreme advancement in the arts. It began with Leonardo's painting, The Last Supper and ended with the sacking in Rome by the troups of Charles V.
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Pope Julius II requested that Michelangelo should paint the celing of the Sistine chapel. And so he did. The 130 foot ceiling took Michelangelo 4 years to complete. It depicts many scenes from the Bible.
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The Parnassus, a work done by the legendary painter, Raphael, shows the mythological Mount Parnassus where Apollo resides. It is located in the Stanza Della Segnatura.
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This painting, by Leonardo Da Vinci is said to be the most famous painting in the world. It shows a woman seated beside the countryside. It is almost certain that this woman is Lisa Del Giocondo.
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Copernicus, an astronomer, was one of the few people that believed the earth was not the center of the universe and believed that it rotated around the sun. He wrote a book called "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Bodies" but never wanted to publish it, in fear that people would make fun of him. However it was published right before his death by a German Proffesor.
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Andreas Vesalius, a Belgian Doctor, made important discoveries in Anatomy. He performed some of the first autopsies. In 1565, he performed an autopsy on a spanish aristocrat, but it turns out, the "corpse" was still alive. For that reason, Vesalius was sentenced to death.
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Improving on a design of a Dutch inventor, Galileo made his own telescope he could use to observe the sky. He made many new discoveries with that telescope.
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek, a lens grinder in the Netherlands, created a microscope that could see microorganisms,
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The German Scientist, Gabriel Farenheit invented a thermometer to measure temperature. His scale is used in the United States now.
