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The Great Depression Begins
The beginning of the Great Depression was when the stock prices drop sharply after a period of decline. People in panic sold their stocks trying to avoid going bankrupt but the stock markets finally crashed on Black Tuesday of October 29, 1929 -
Britain's Appeasment
o 1930s Appeasement was the policy of making concessions to the dictatorial powers in order to avoid conflict. Due to the legacy of the Great War in France and Britain there was a strong public and political desire to achieve ‘peace at any price’. Second, neither country was militarily ready for war. -
Japan conquers Manchuria in northern China
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Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany
Hitler became Cahncellor after the elections. Hitler lead the Nazi party and they attracted suppoirters by preaching to racial superiority. Hitler rose to power and over threw the constitution and took control of the government. -
Roosevelt first elected president
Roosevelt was the 32nd president of the United States and tried to counter the effects of the Great Depression by creating the New Deal -
Nuremburg Laws
September 1935: The Nürnberg Laws formalized acts taken against Jews up to 1935. The Nazi leaders demanded that Jews should be deprived of their rights as citizens. -
Hitler and Mussolini form the Rome and Berlin Axis
o In 1936, Hitler and Mussolini formed an alliance that later in 1940 was joined by Japan
o Japan joins the Axis Powers
o Japan joined the axis along with Italy and Germany in 1940 -
Japan Invades China
o in July 1937, Japan invaded China. Japanese were better armed, brutal and had a stronger army. In 1931, the Japanese occupied Manchuria, a Chinese province -
Germany Invades Austria
o 1938, Hitler invaded Austria were most everyone spoke German. Many Germans and Austrians welcomed the unification. -
Kristallnacht
o Novemeber, 9-10, 1938 the Nazis SS troopers stage vicious programs. They were anti-Jewish riots, all against the Jewish community of Germany also known as the “Night of Broken Glass” storefronts of Jewish shops and offices were smashed and vandalized. Approximately 100 Jews were killed, and another 20,000 sent to concentration camps. -
Manhattan Project
Manhattan Project was a secret research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II. A month after the first bomb was tested, two nuclear weapons were exploded over Japan, at Hiroshima and Nagasaki even though over 100,000 civilian deaths were anticipated -
Germany & Soviet Union have a nonaggression pact
o August 23, 1939—just before World War II (1939-45) started in Europe—two enemies, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union surprised the whole world by signing the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact. The two countries agreed to take no military action against each other for the next 10 years. -
Germany Invades Poland- Blitzkrieg
o September 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland. Germans broke through Poland’s defensives and advanced on Warsaw in a massive attack. Warsaw surrendered on September 27, 1939. -
Tuskegee Airmen
The Tuskegee Airman were an elite group of African-American pilots pilots, navigators, bombardiers, maintenance and support staff, instructors, in the 1940s. They had to battle enemies and fight against racism and segregation in their own country -
Germany invades Denmark, Norway, Belgium and France
o Apr 09, 1940 Germany invades Norway and Denmark, o May 10, 1940 Germany invades Belgium, o Nov 10, 1942 Germans take Vichy France -
o German air force (Luftwaffe) bombs London and other civilian targets in the Battle of Britain
o Jul 10, 1940: The Battle of Britain begins lasting 3 ½ months where Germans bombed London and other civilian targets. -
lend-lease act
o March 11, 1941, this act set up a system that would allow the United States to lend or lease war supplies to any nation deemed "vital to the defense of the United States." FDR proposed this bill in response to Winston Churchill’s plea for help, he said, “give us the weapons and we shall finish the job.” -
Germany Invades the Soviet Union
o June 1941, when Nazi forces invaded the Soviet Union The German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact fell apart. -
The Nazis implement the “Final Solution”
The Nazi’s used the term “Final Solution” to refer to their plan to annihilate the Jewish people. July 31, 1941, Nazi leader Hermann Goering authorized SS General Reinhard Heydrich to make preparations for the implementation of a "complete solution of the Jewish question." -
Pearl Harbor
o December 7, 1941, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu, Hawaii
President Franklin D. Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan the day after the attack. -
Japanese-American incarceration
February 1942 President Roosevelt signed an executive order ordering the RELOCATION of all Americans of Japanese ancestry to CONCENTRATION CAMPS in the interior of the United States. From March 1942 to 1946, the US War Relocation Authority (WRA) had jurisdiction over the Japanese and Japanese Americans evacuated from their homes in California, Oregon, and Washington. -
Bataan Death March
April 9, 1942, U.S. surrender of the Bataan Peninsula on the main Philippine island of Luzon to the Japanese during World War II (1939-45), Thousands died a horrible death in what became known as the Bataan Death March. -
Battle of Midway
June 1942, must be considered one of the most decisive battles of World War Two. The Battle of Midway effectively destroyed Japan’s naval strength when the Americans destroyed four of its aircraft carriers. Japan’s navy never recovered from the battle and it was on the defensive after this battle. -
Guadalcanal
o August 7, 1942 and February 9, 1943 Allied forces, mostly American, landed on the islands of Guadalcanal, Tulagi, and Florida in the southern Solomon Islands. The plan to deny their use by the Japanese who wanted to threaten the supply and communication routes between the US, Australia, and New Zealand. -
British forces stop the German advance at El Alamein
October 23 to November 5, 1942; With this victory, the British Army prevented the Axis forces from occupying Egypt and capturing the Suez Canal, which was the access gate to the Middle Eastern oil fields. -
German forces surrender at Stalingrad
Feb 2, 1943: Germans surrender to Russia’s Red Army at Stalingrad. The battle, described as 'one of the most terrible of the war', Out of 330,000 Germans almost 250,000 men died from illness, starvation and frostbite as temperatures plunged to -30C -
Rosie the Riveter
o American men were going to war women were asked to step in and do the “men’s” work. They picked up the factory duties.
Women proved they could o men jobs, over 6 million women went to work -
D-Day
o 6 June 1944, The Normandy (France) - the largest seaborne invasion in history, involving nearly three million troops crossing the English Channel from England to Normandy in occupied France. By nightfall on June 6, more than 9,000 Allied soldiers were dead or wounded, but more than 100,000 had made it ashore and secured French coastal villages to free them from the Germans. -
Battle of the Buldge
December 16, 1944 the last major Nazi offensive against the Allies in World War Two. The battle was a last ditch attempt by Hitler to split the Allies in two in their drive towards Germany and destroy their ability to supply themselves. The Germans failed but it was one of the bloodiest battles of the war. -
Yalta Conference
February 1945 took place in the Crimea. The Big Three, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, and Joseph Stalin issued the Yalta Agreement, their "Declaration on Liberated Europe." -
Iwo Jima
16 Feb 1945 - 26 Mar 1945 – Control of this island was important because the location was needed as an airbase for fighter escorts supporting long range bombing missions against mainland Japan and it would provide an emergency landing strip for crippled aircraft. -
Okinawa
April 1, 1945-June 21, 1945 - Last and biggest of the Pacific island battles of World War II,
It was the first fight on Japanese soil, and would be a major advantage to the US to control the island only 350 miles from Kyushu. Over 250,000 people died -150,000 Okinawan civilians. -
Roosevelt dies, Truman becomes president
April 12, 1945, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the nation’s 32nd president, died of a cerebral hemorrhage. His life ended just as the great Allied victory in World War II that he had worked so hard for was in sight. Truman became President. He followed Roosevelt's war plans, and 25 days later, the Germans surrendered. He did not hesitate to give the order to drop the Atomic Bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945, -
Allied forces advance on Berlin, Germany surrenders
April 20, 1945 Battle of Berlin, final offensive, before it ended May 2nd Hitlaer would commit suicide. May 7th, 1945, Germany signed an unconditional surrender at Allied headquarters in Rheims (rams), France, ending its role in World War II. -
Formation of United Nation
50 nations met in San Francisco to discuss a new peacekeeping
- organization to replace the weak and in-effective league of nations
June 26, 1945 all 50 nations ratified the charter creating a new internation peacekeeping known as the United Nation -
postdam conference
allies held Potsdam conference plan war end
decision was made to put Nazi war criminals on trial -
Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
August 6, 1945, an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. August 9, 1945, a second B-29 dropped another A-bomb on Nagasaki, killing an estimated 40,000 people. Japan's Emperor Hirohito announced his country's unconditional surrender in World War II in a radio address on August 15, citing the devastating power of "a new and most cruel bomb." -
o Japanese officials sign an official letter of surrender on the U.S.S. Missouri, ending World War II
2 September 1945, Japan formally surrendered. Less than 30 Minute ceremony took place on board the battleship USS Missouri, anchored with other United States' and British ships in Tokyo Bay. -
Nuremburg Trials
went to October 1, 1946
19 guilty, 12 sentenced to death
people are responsible for their actions even in war time
Herman Goring- creator against humanity -
Marshall Plan
congress approved secretary of stage Geroge Marshall's plan to help boost European economies
U.s gave mnore that $13 billion to help the nations of Europe get back on their feet
