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As the ruler of Russia, Nicholas resisted calls for reform and sought to maintain czarist absolutism; although he lacked the strength of will necessary for such a task.
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The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks were both revolutionary political parties of Marxist origins. - See more at: http://alphahistory.com/russianrevolution/bolsheviks-and-mensheviks/#sthash.PAZoNrhL.dpuf
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Following the Russian rejection of a Japanese plan to divide Manchuria and Korea into spheres of influence, Japan launches a surprise naval attack against Port Arthur, a Russian naval base in China. The Russian fleet was defeated.
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Massacre in St. Petersburg, Russia, of peaceful demonstrators marking the beginning of the violent phase of the Russian Revolution of 1905
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In 1905, Einstein wrote five articles and had them published in the prestigious Annalen der Physik (Annals of Physics). In one of these papers, “Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Koerper” (“On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies”), Einstein detailed his Special Theory of Relativity.
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Sun Yixian becomes the 1st President of the Republic of China
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He is a 20th-century Chinese political and military leader, and an influential member of the Kuomintang (KMT), the Chinese Nationalist Party, and was a close ally of Sun Yat-sen.
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The Kuomintang was under the nominal leadership of Sun Yat-sen, to succeed the Revolutionary Alliance. The original Kuomintang program called for parliamentary democracy and moderate socialism.
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March 1917 saw major changes in Russia. Rasputin was dead and Lenin was out of the country.
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Czar Nicholas II was forced to abdicate the throne by the Petrograd insurgents, and a provincial government is installed in his place.
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Lenin led his leftist revolutionaries in a revolt against the ineffective Provisional Government
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A peace treaty set in by the Bolshevik Russian government and the Central Powers
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The main fighting was between two groups: the Red Army and the White Army. The Red Army was an army of communists. The White Army opposed the communists. Finally, the Red Army won this war. After this war, the communists established the Soviet Union in 1922.
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An anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student demonstrations in Beijing on May 4, 1919, protesting the Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially allowing Japan to receive territories in Shandong which had been surrendered by Germany after the Siege of Tsingtao.
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The parliamentary republic of Germany after World War 1
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An organization made to promote world peace.
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This economic policy of Soviet Russia proposed was by Vladimir Lenin, was introduced to replace the failed policy of War Communism. Lenin called it "state capitalism."
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On July 29, 1921, after a power play within the Nazi party, Adolf Hitler became the party leader and began a system of authoritarian control.
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A military conference called by President Warren G. Harding that included 9 countries. ( United States, Japan, China, France, Britain, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, and Portugal)
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He became the leader after Lenin's death
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He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. Mussolini was one of the key figures in the creation of fascism.
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The Russian SFSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR approved the Treaty of Creation of the USSR and the Declaration of the Creation of the USSR
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Lenin took over power of Russia
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The Dawes Plan, proposed by the Dawes Committee was an attempt following WWI for the Triple Entente to compromise and collect war reparations debt from Germany. The plan went into effect in September 1924.
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The autobiography of Hitler was written which depicts his political ideas and future plans for Germany
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Hirohito became the Japanese Emperor on Christmas Day 1926. Before the war there was a lot of fighting in Japan and it seemed to many people that the soldiers in the army were ruling the country. In 1931, with Hirohito's support, Japan invaded parts of China, continuing to fight with them right through until 1945. During this fighting the Emperor allowed his soldiers to use poison gas, which had been banned since World War I. He was engaged to Princess Nagako on February 4th 1918.
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The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Party, or Kuomintang (KMT) began fighting each other
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Charles Lindbergh flew from St. Louis to France.
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The Five-Year Plans for the National Economy of the Soviet Union (USSR) (Russian: пятилетка, Pyatiletka, literally: "five year-er") were a series of nation-wide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union. The plans were developed by a state planning committee based on the Theory of Productive Forces that was part of the general guidelines of the Communist Party for economic development.
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This pact was signed to prevent anymore world wars in the future.
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The stock market crashed caused the Great Depression
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The Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in 1930 and lasted until the late 1930s or middle 1940s.
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e Japanese established a puppet state, called Manchukuo, and their occupation lasted until the end of World War II.
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FDR proposes the New Deal to help the United States out of the depression by creating jobs
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The holocaust began when Adolf Hitler took power
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On this day in 1933, President Paul von Hindenburg names Adolf Hitler, leader or fÜhrer of the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party), as chancellor of Germany.
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FDR became President
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A military retreat by the Red Army to avoid pursuit of the Kuomintang
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Series of agreements to make sure the United States did not get involved with World War II
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Italy invaded Abyssinia (now Ethiopia) the African country situated on the horn of Africa.
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Nazi leader Adolf Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact by sending German military forces into the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone along the Rhine River in western Germany.
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A campaign of relgious, political, and idelogical repression that killed nearly a million people.
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The coalition between Italy and Germany was formed.
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An episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against Nanking
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Hitler announced the union between Germany and Austria
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The Munich Pact was responsible for handing over Sudetenland to Germany.
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On this day in 1938, Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, French Premier Edouard Daladier, and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain sign the Munich Pact, which seals the fate of Czechoslovakia, virtually handing it over to Germany in the name of peace. Upon return to Britain, Chamberlain would declare that the meeting had achieved "peace in our time."
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Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses and killed close to 100 Jews.
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The Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other.
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Poland was invaded by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe.
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After Germany subdued Poland, the war in Europe settled into a long, quiet lull that lasted through the winter and spring of 1939. Then in 1940, Germany launched a massive invasion-"Blitzkrieg" ("lightning war")- on Denmark, Norway, the Netherlands, Belgium and finally France.
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On April 27, 1940, Heinrich Himmler ordered the construction of a new camp near Oswiecim, Poland (about 37 miles or 60 km west of Krakow). The Auschwitz Concentration Camp ("Auschwitz" is the German spelling of "Oswiecim") quickly became the largest Nazi concentration and death camp. By the time of its liberation, Auschwitz had grown to include three large camps and 45 sub-camps.
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Winston Churchill, First Lord of the Admiralty, is called to replace Neville Chamberlain as British prime minister following the latter's resignation after losing a confidence vote in the House of Commons.
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On June 4, 1940, the evacuation of Allied forces from Dunkirk on the Belgian coast ends as German forces capture the beach port. The nine-day evacuation, the largest of its kind in history and an unexpected success, saved 338,000 Allied troops from capture by the Nazis.
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France under the regime of Marshal Philippe Pétain from the Nazi German defeat of France to the Allied liberation in World War II.
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Germany started bombing Great Britain which starts the battle.
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On this day in 1940, the Axis powers are formed as Germany, Italy, and Japan become allies with the signing of the Tripartite Pact in Berlin.
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The United States supplied Great Britain, the USSR, Free France, the Republic of China, and other Allied nations with materiel between 1941 and August 1945.
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3 million German troops invade Russia in three parallel offensives, in what is the most powerful invasion force in history. Nineteen panzer divisions, 3,000 tanks, 2,500 aircraft, and 7,000 artillery pieces pour across a thousand-mile front as Hitler goes to war on a second front.
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The Atlantic Charter was a pivotal policy statement issued in August 14,1941 that, early in World War II, defined the Allied goals for the post-war world.
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The Japanese bombed the naval base in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
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An extermination in camp in which 340,000 jews were killed.
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Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a Declaration of War against Japan in response to the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor the day before.
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Of 127,000 Japanese Americans living in the continental United States at the time of the Pearl Harbor attack, About 80,000 were nisei and sansei.The rest were issei. Approximately 14,500 people of German and Italian ancestry, and 2,200 ethnic Japanese deported from Latin American countries were also subject to the United States' wartime confinement program.
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75,000 soldiers were marched to prison camps after the surrender in the Battle of Bataan
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An air raid by the United States on the Japanese capital Tokyo and other places on Honshu island during World War II
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Naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia.
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A major naval battle in the Pacific Theatre which the United States defeated Japan
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A battle on the Northern coast of Egypt between Axis and Allied powers
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In mid-1943, the Allied command in the Pacific began Operation Cartwheel which was designed to isolate the Japanese base at Rabaul on New Britain.
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A research project in which the 1st atomic bombs were created.
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Amajor battle of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad
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The British-American invasion of French North Africa during the North African Campaign of the Second World War which started on 8 November 1942.
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The battle was the decisive engagement in a series of naval battles between Allied (primarily United States) and Imperial Japanese forces during the months-long Guadalcanal campaign in the Solomon Islands during World War II.
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The Tehran Conference was a meeting between U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in Tehran, Iran
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Hitler proposes the Final Solution which caused Jews to be exterminated.
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A meeting in Anfa hotel to come up with a strategy for the next phase of World War II
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The Allies begin their invasion of Axis-controlled Europe with landings on the island of Sicily, off mainland Italy.
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June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France.
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On October 20, 1944, a few hours after his troops landed, MacArthur waded ashore onto the Philippine island of Leyte. That day, he made a radio broadcast in which he declared, "People of the Philippines, I have returned!"
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This decision to employ suicide bombers against the American fleet at Leyte, an island of the Philippines, was based on the failure of conventional naval and aerial engagements to stop the American offensive. Declared Japanese naval Capt. Motoharu Okamura: "I firmly believe that the only way to swing the war in our favor is to resort to crash-dive attacks with our planes.... There will be more than enough volunteers for this chance to save our country."
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The Germans launch the last major offensive of the war, Operation Mist, also known as the Ardennes Offensive and the Battle of the Bulge, an attempt to push the Allied front line west from northern France to northwestern Belgium
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The leaders of the United States, the United Kingdom, and Soviet Union met to discuss post war reorganization
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The Battle of Iwo Jima, or Operation Detachment, was a major battle in which the United States Armed Forces fought for and captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese Empire.
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The capture of Okinawa was part of a three-point plan the Americans had for winning the war in the Far East.
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Italian partisans shot Mussolini and his wife dead when they were spotted trying to flee to Switzerland
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Hitler commited suicide by gunshot
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Germany officially surrendered to the Allies, bringing an end to the European conflict in World War II.
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The big three met in Potsdam, Germany to negotiate terms for the end of World War II
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The United States becomes the first and only nation to use atomic weaponry during wartime when it drops an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Though the dropping of the atomic bomb on Japan marked the end of World War II, many historians argue that it also ignited the Cold War.
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On this day the city of Nagasaki was bombed by the United States
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This day marks the US victory over Japan
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The formal signing of the Japanese Instrument of Surrender took place on board the battleship USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on September 2, 1945, and at that time Truman declared September 2 to be the official V-J Day.
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The trials were based on the war crimes from all members of the Thrid Reich
