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Feb 19, 1473
Nicolaus Copernicus
Copernicus is a well known mathemetician and astraunomer. He believed in the heliocentric, or sun-centered universe. He was heavily criticized for this belief. -
Jan 1, 1500
Scientific Revolution
The transition from the Medieval worldview to a largely SEcular, rational and materialistic perspective that began in the 17th century and was popularized in the 18th. -
Feb 15, 1564
Galileo Galilei
Galileo was the first man to ever systematically observe the universe with a telescope. He was condemned by the Roman Inquisition for his findings. -
Voltaire
Francois-Marie Arouet was a well known playwright, philosophe, a strong believer in religious tolerance, and he criticized traditional religion. He led a fight for tolerance in France. -
Maria Theresa
Maria Theresa was empress of Austria from 1740 to 1780. During her role, she made many reforms to centralize and strengthen the Austrian Empire and the Habsburg State. They also led to the Austrian Armed forces growing and becoming more modern. -
Catherine the Great
Catherine the great was the first female leader of Russia. She made many reforms during her rule that went a long with the ideology of the Enlightenment. She brought about new laws because she did not agree with serfdom, torture or capitol punishment. She expanded the Russian empire and even pursued Westernization. -
Rococo Art
Rococo art came about during the enlightenment because it was very focused on the natural curve of objects, and it represented the pursuit of happiness, pleasure and love. It had a religious look and feel to it to go along with the ideology of the time period. -
Population Growth
The population growth started to rise hardcore in the 19th century. Even though in some places the more the people the more problems there would be. It was the opposite, the death rate started to decline and the diseases started to become less and less. -
American Revolution
After the seven years war in 1963, Great Britain had all of the colonial power. Thirteen colonies in North America were trying to get free from the British Empire, and go to the United States. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris is what ended the Seven Years War, or French and Indian War. This treaty basically gave britain control of the area that was west of the 13 British colonies all the way to the Mississippi River. -
Technological Changes and New Forms of Industrial Organization
The cotton industry grew very much and it gave people jobs and a better life. The Iron industry made tons of of iron and it was an advantage. The steam engine helped the cotton mills and expanded coal. The transportation rose when the locomotive was made and they could transport tons of iron and people. -
The Enlightenment
This time period brought about a lot of skepticism about the current religion, and a growing of secularization. This period was very focused on religion and spirituality. -
The French Revolution
In the French Revolution began in 1789 and there were two stages, the moderate stage and the Radical Stage. The Moderate Stage was from 1789-1792 and the radical stage went from 1792-1794. -
The Fall of the Bastille
This fall was a good day for many, in 1789 the Parisians attacked the Bastille, a state prison. It was all nothing but a horrible scene, there were shots fired and many people being killed or wounded. -
Ludwig van Beethoven
Music was viewed as one of the most romantic arts. One of the most famous men of that time known for his music was, Ludwig van Beethoven. From 1792-1802, his work was influenced by Mozart and Haydn and was still very much like in the 18th century. -
Ideologies of Change
The ideologies of change were movements for change in the making. These included liberalism which was a more free less strict movement. Nationalism which was a more strict community that had rules and things to live by. Socialism wanted the people of all classes to be treated equally. -
The Conservative Order
After the defeat of Napoleon, Great Britain, Austria, Prussia and Russia sat and made a final peace settlement. The leader of the peace settlement was Prince Klemens von Metternich, which he was led in Vienna by the “principle of legitimacy.” -
Karl Marx
Karl Marx was a German philosopher, sociologist, political theorist, and revolutionary socialist. He is most well-known for developing the socio-political theory of Marxism. -
Napoleon III
Napoleon III was the first President of the French Republic, and the ruler of the Second French Empire. He is best remembered for his energetic foreign policy and his strong authoritarian way of leading his nation. -
A Mass Society
Between 1850 and 1910 the population in Europe increased dramatically. There were improved living conditions which had a huge partake in the booming of society. -
Great Exhibition
The Great Exhibition was the first industrial fair to come about. It was held at Kensington in London in the Crystal Palace, which was a huge sculpture of glass and iron, it was a symbol of some of the skills of the British. -
Charles Darwin
Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who gave birth to the Theory of Organic Evolution. His theories were very controversial because they challenge what is written in the Bible. His studies also led to the theory of Social Darwinism, and the concept of Survival of the Fittest. -
Unification of Italy and Germany
The unification of Italy took over fifty years to be finalized, and came about by Cavour and Garibaldi. Italy wanted to rid Austrian rule in their states and unify, and that they did. The official unification of Germany took place in 1871. Prussian leader, Bismarck, sucks Germany into Prussian rule. -
Second Industrial Revolution
This Industrial Revolution brought forth the invention of smaller things that made life much easier. Things such as steel, oil, synthetics, plastics, the lightbulb, and the telephone were now being used. -
The Scramble for Africa
The Scramble for Africa was a process of invasion, attack, occupation, and annexation of African territory by European powers. -
The Curies
Pierre and Marie Curie discovered radium, and won the Nobel Peace Prize for Physics in 1903. This was an interesting discovery in an ‘Age of Anxiety’. -
The Great War
Trenches of war begin between the Hungarian empire in Germany against the allies France; England and Russia. -
War and Revolution
During this period, women played a very important role in the revolution in city of Petrograd. Lack of food and money led many women to turn to crime and disobedience causing riots and factories to be shut down. -
The Peace Settlement
Amongst all the peace settlement treaties, the Treaty of Versailles was the most important. As a result of this treaty, Germany along with Austria was responsible for paying for the expenses caused by the war. -
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist. During the ‘Age of Anxiety’ in Europe he discovered Relativity, which won him the Nobel Peace Prize for Physics in 1921. This challenges people’s understanding of their universe. -
The Great depression
As a result of World War one, businesses in the industrialized areas around the world suffered bankruptcy and unemployment leading to the great depression. This poor economic state saw some light only after the election of Franklin Delano Roosevelt. -
Nightmares and New Visions: Art and Music
Abstract painting was becoming more and more popular between the two wars. As a result of this era, the famous surrealism came about. -
Hitler and Nazi Germany
Seeing Hitler’s cruel ways, many countries stepped in to bring his power down -
Prelude to War
Hitler dominated many countries during his reign over Germany. -
The Course of World War II
During WW2, Hitler’s attempt to dominate the world was very well thought out and carried out very efficiently. -
The Holocaust
During the reign of Hitler, millions of people suffered cruel and untimely -
The Truman Doctrine
On March 12, 1947, President Harry Truman signed The Truman Doctrine. This doctrine would give Greece and Turkey $400 million dollars in economic and military aid, and it also said it would provide money to any country that felt they were going to be threatened by the expansion of Communism. The United States was also afraid that if they could not stop this spread over in Europe, it could potentially come to the United States. -
NATO
NATO, or North Atlantic Treaty Organization, was designed to create a sense of security in the middle of The Cold War. Belgium, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, France, Britain, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, and Iceland signed this treaty with the United States and Canada. These powers agreed to provide mutual assistance when need in a time of crisis. -
The Korean War
The Korean War, which last from late June 1950- late July 1953, was a conflict between North Korea and South Korea. From the 38th Parallel and north bound was considered North Korea which became the Democractic People's Rebulic of Korea, while anything south of the 38th Parallel was considered South Korea which became The Republic of Korea. -
The Vietnam War
The Vietnam War lasted from November 1, 1955 - April 30, 1975. This War was a military conflict that occured during The Cold War in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia. U.S. troops were sent in in 1967 by President Lyndon B. Johnson to prevent the Communists in the north from taking over the whole country. -
The Berlin Wall
-The Berlin Wall: The Berlin Wall, an apparent symbol of divisions from the Cold War, was constructed by the German Democratic Republic that separated West Berlin and East Berlin. Approximately 5,000 people tried to escape over this wall resulting in 100-200 deaths. -
Summer of Love, 1967
In the summer of 1967, over 100,000 people gathered together in a neighborhood of San Francisco, California creating a huge cultural rebellion. Although there were "hippies" rebelling everywhere, San Francisco was considered the "center of the hippie revolution" -
The Golden Age of Rock
During the time period from 1967-1973, rock music was put to the test with a lot of experimentation. British performers, for example the Rolling Stones, created the “new” blues rock sound; a slight spinoff inspired by African American blues artists. Also, a lot of the music associated with this time period had a lot to do with the Vietnam War, promoting peace and love instead of fighting. -
Mikhail Gorbachev
In March 1985, Gorbachev was elected the new leader of the Soviet Union by party leaders. He was educated during the years of reform and was very intent on making many reforms. At his time of power, the Soviet was suffering major economic problems. Although they lead the path to space exploration, they were very behind the west in technology advancement. -
September 11, 2001 Attacks
The terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001 were suicide attacks associated with al-Qaeda on New York City in the United States. That morning, nineteen terrorists hi-jacked four jet liners, crashing two of them into the World Trade Center in New York City. The remaining two were crashed into the Pentagon in Virginia and the other in a field in Pennslyvania. There were no surviviors on any of the four flights, and all nineteen terrorists died as well.
