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Benito Mussolini-Italy
-Fascism was an authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy and other Europeans countries after 1919.
-Fascist program emphasized intense nationalism,productivity,anti socialism,elitism, and the need for a strong leader Mussolini -
Joseph Stalin-USSR
-Joseph Stalin was a powerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union.He was a dictator who terrorized the population and send many people tp prison and labor camps
-One of the communist leaders greatest task was collectivize farming,Stalin created a state-owned farms
-While Stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power.Many of his enemies were shot or sent to Siberia. -
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Axis
Ger Italy and japan led a group of nations called the axis and wanted world domination
1930 Japan invaded Manchuria because it had a lot of raw Materials They wanted their own countries to grow and others to become weaker -
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Advance Technology
-Torpedoes were used to destroy submarines & ships from long distance b/c bullets couldn't go far & do a lot of damage
-Bombing Raids,were used to des anything in a certain area,such as factories that produce military equipment in WWII.
-Wolf packs were German Submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoy .A Group of ships,warships & submarines that attack a certain target all at once -
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Japans War Expansion
-Japan wished to replaced European imperialism in Asia with the imperialism of an Asian power
-Place-A dates Japan invaded
-Manchuria 1937
-Southern Indochina 1941
-Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the U.S.A by cutting off all trade with Japan -
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Volunteerism in WWII
At Home -Began Blood Donor services in america to produce lifesaving plasma for the armed forces served in hospitals produced emergency supplies scrap ran victory gardens and maintained training programs
Overseas -Became the chief providers of relief supplies in supplies in Europe served as field directors provided supports for troops operated and were attacked to military hospitals -
Rationing
-Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources resources & Goods.
Rationing items were gasoline,tires,meat,butter, & Jellies
People had use to Rationing Goods which were issued to each family based on its size -
M 1 Semi-Automatic Rifle & Radar
M1-The design of the M1 Allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their German & Japanese counterparts
Radar-Battle were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes , ships, or submarines , the radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night -
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Ailled
-Great Britain, United States of America,France led a group of nations called the Allied
-In 1941 Congress voted that a stated of war existed btw USA & Japan
-War caused by German expansionism
-England And France were unprepared for war
-When Hitler invaded Poland WWII began -
War Bonds
-Way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
-People would buy Bonds & The government promised to return to them with interest after 10 years or more
-Government needs the money to pay for war equipment -
Civilian Defense Organization
Roosevelt set up the office of Civilian Defense (OCD) to coordinate state and federal measures to protect civilians in war-related emergency.The OCD organized the US citizens defenses crops to recruit and train volunteers to perform essential tasks. -
Rosie The River
1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home."Rosie the River", star of a govt. campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for the munitions industry,became perhaps the most iconic image of working women during the war. -
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Cold Talkers
Navajo Code talkers played a key role in the Pacific campaign.The American military needed and undecipherable code that could not be broken by the Japs. The Navajo language is unwritten and extremely complex,American forces could transmit messages by telephone and radio in a code the Japs couldn't not break. -
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WACS
Women joined the new Women Army Corps
After basic training, most of these women look aerial jobs in the military ,Women replaced jobs formerly held by men, such a shipbuilding and aircraft production the idea was to have women fill jobs held by by men to send more men to war . BTW 1941-1945 more than 6.5 mil women entered the work force -
Executive Order 9066
U.S presidential executive order signed and issued during ww2 by Roosevelt authorizing the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones clearing the way for the the deportation of Japanese Americans the attack on pearl harbor in Dec1941 led 2 growing suspicions largely by racism & fear about the loyalty of japanese Americans -
Executive Order 9066
Japanese ancestry was classified as "Enemy Aliens" curfews were instituted and assets were frozen 120,000 Japanese Americans were informed that the gov would forcibly remove them from their communities to relocation centers -
Executive Order 9066 B
Effect:-Japanese ancestry was classified as "Enemy Allies"
-Curfews were instituted & Assets were frozen
-120,000 Japanese Americans were informed that the government would forcibly remove them from their communities to relocation centers -
Executive Order 9066
Description: U.S. Presidential executive order signed & issued during WW2 By Franklin by Franklin D. Roosevelt Authorizing the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones clearing the way for the deportation of japanese Americans -
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U.S Office Of War Information
Responsibilities-Control the content and imagery of war messages,make citizens aware of how they could help in the war effort
Activities -Produced radio programs,newsreels,asked citizens to contribute time and money, create products,conserve resources,donate,and stir up distrust to lower enemy and population morals to promote surrender -
Victory Garden
-as part of the war effort,the govt.rationed foods like sugar, butter,milk,cheese ,eggs,coffee,meat and canned goods
-the govt.turned to its citizen and encouraged them to plant "Victory Gardens"
Gardens helped make sure enough food and supplies were available for home and the troops during WWII -
Flying Tigers
-1st American Volunteer group of the Chinese Air Force
-Tigers primary mission was to protect the Burma Read connecting the vital port @ Rangoon w/ the rest of China
-Dec 20,1991-Tigers destroyed 4 jap bombers
-Tigers had highest kill loss ratios of WWII -
Waves
Women accepted for Volunteer Emergency Services was created in 1942 in response to the need for additional military personnel during WWII Waves was an official part of the navy, its members held the same rank and ratings as male personnel Waves could not serve aboard combat ships or aircraft and initally were restricted to activity in continental US. at the end of WWII there were over 8,000 female officers -
George Marshall
-Secretary of state, George C. Marshall , proposed that massive aid be given to the countries of war-torn Europe to rebuild their economies
-Believed this aid would create strong European allies and trading partners for the U.S
-Plan included aid to Germany and Italy, in marred contrast to the policies of the voters following WWII
-Plan was successful and benefited the American economy in helping to rebuild war torn Europe -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
-He was a supreme commander of allied forces
-Led the massive invasion of Nazi- occupied Europe That began on D-Day (June 6 ,1944)
-Leading republicans convinced Eisenhower (then in command of NATO forces) in Europe to run for President -
George Patton
-Led the U.S 7th army in its invasion of Sicily and swept across Northern Frances
-Patton's forces played a key role in defeating the German counterattack in the battle of bulge
-Patton died in Germany in Dec 1945 of injuries sustained in an automobile accident -
Omar Bradley
-Highly distinguished 4- star general of the U.S Army who saw distinguished service in North Africa and Western Europe During WWII
-From the Normandy landings of June 6, 1944 through to the end of the war in Europe, He commanded all U.S ground forces invading Germany from the west
-Commanded 43 divisions w/ 1.3milion men -
Kroematsu vs. U.S
-Korematsu was a japanese american convicted of staying in restricted area
-He believed his constitutional rights were violated
-Roosevelt ordered that constitutional liberties may be limited during war time
-This case went against the Executive order 9066
-50 years later congress apologized and payed reparation to Japanese Americans -
Potsdam Conference
Roosevelt from the Us,Churchill from the UK, and Stalin from Ruissa met in Yalta they agreed on the formation of the united Nations and that Germany would be divided into four zones occupied by Russia,UK,US and France .
Free elections would also be allowed soon after differences began to emerge -
Women and Minority
-Men Left for war,women stayed to work in factories
-After war men came back home to reclaim there jobs but the women didn't want to give them up which spurred the Feminist Movement
-Men of color fought in the war along side the whites for the 1x
-When they got back they were treated with the same racial slurs sparking the civil rights movement -
The US and European Countries
-in the US the war happened after the great depression
-30% fell to 5% after employment boost due to war
-European countries left to rebuild and the US lended Money to the countries
-Germany was the only country to make full repayment in 1990 -
Tuskegee Airmen
-African American minority pilots (Fighters & Bombers) who fought in WW11
-1ST black service men to serve as military aviators in the U.S Armed Forces
-U.S Air Force did not exist as a separate entity. The army resisted using black men as pilots but,in response to a pending law conceded to created a segregated unit for them. -
Fair Deal
Intended to enact policies consistent with Franklin Roosevelt New Deal
Effect on the economy -no health care or help for homeowners
President Turman's veto of the anti-labor union Taft-Harley act was overrode by congress
Most of President Trumans Fair deal programs did not pass