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Period: to
Years of Internment
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Pearl Harbor Bombing
Video ClipThis surprise attack on the island of Pearl Harbor caused America to start fighting in World War 2. It also made America become suspicious of Japanese-American immigrants and their
activities (espionage) related to the German ally, Japan.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/japanes -
Executive Order 9066
After the attack on Pearl Harbor, Franklin D. Roosevelt decided to issue this order to let the military contain constitutional safeguards of American citizens. This was meant to protect against supposed spying of Japanese-American citizens on the American government, and this is why the internment camps were formed in America.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.htm -
Terminal Island, Los Angeles
On this day, the U.S. Navy informs Japanese-Americans on this island that they must leave in 48 hours. The Japanese-Americans on this island were the first people to leave their homes and be relocated to internment camps. It was later found that half of the prisoners in the Japanese-American internment camps were children.
http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/learning_history/japanese_internment/internment_menu.cfm http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Camp Organization
General John L. Dewitt designated and established military areas where Japanese internment camps were formed.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Executive Order 9102
President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs this order, which established the War Relocation Authority. It allocated 5.5 million dollars from the government.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Internment Camp: Heart Mountain
This internment camp in Wyoming opened on this day. The conditions in internment camps were quite horrible. Most of the camps were on the West Coast of the United States, and extreme temperatures, extreme weather, and inadequate medical care affected Japanese-American prisoners held in these camps. Additionally, the camps were surrounded by barb-wire fencing, and had armed guards watching all exits and entrances.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Quote
This quote was stated by the War Relocation Authority.
- Japanese-Americans were housed in "tarpaper-covered barracks of simple frame construction without plumbing or cooking facilities of any kind."
http://www.factmonster.com/spot/internment1.html -
U.S. Army
On this day, it became an option for the Japanese-American Nisei (the Japanese-Americans born in America) to enlist in the U.S. Army for freedom from internment.
http://www.factmonster.com/spot/internment1.html
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Internment Camp: Jerome
Websites UsedCamp Jerome, located in Arkansas, became the first internment camp to close when its inmates were transferred. This was a good thing, because internment camps were overcrowded, and had poor living conditions, Each internee was only allowed $0.48 worth of food, as it was rationed, and some Japanese-Americans even faced death. -
Public Proclamation Number 21
This proclamation, issued by the government, became effective in January 1945, and said all Japanese-American prisoners in internment camps could be freed, and could return home.
http://jchatoff.wordpress.com/2010/12/17/public-proclamation-no-21/
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Resettlement is Available
On this day, several carefully scoped Japanese-Americans were released to go back to their homes on the West Coast. Many Japanese-Americans had to repurchase homes, belongings, and businesses after their release, and many had emotional and mental stress and trauma after their experiences in internment camps.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html
http://www.factmonster.com/spot/internment1.html
http://www.factmonster.com/spot/internment1.html -
President Harry S. Truman
On this day, Harry S. Truman became President of the United States, accompanying President Franklin D. Roosevelt's death.
http://www.millercenter.org/president/truman -
End of World War 2
On this day, the war in Europe ends because Germany surrenders.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Atomic Bomb Attack
The United States dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Atomic Bombing
Once again, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Japan in Nagasaki.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
End of World War 2 in Pacific Ocean
On this day, World War 2 came to an end in the Pacific Ocean, mainly ending the feud between Japan and the United States.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Internment Camp: Heart Mountain
This internment camp in Wyoming closed on this day.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Internment Camp: Tule Lake
This internment camp in Northern California became the last internment camp to close on this day. This internment camp housed troublesome Japanese-American prisoners and was often called the Segregation Center.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html
http://www.infoplease.com/spot/internment1.html -
Japanese-American Evacuation Claims Act
Websites UsedPresident Truman signed this act on this day to compensate for the movement of Japanese-Americans back to their homes on the West Coast, although in the long run, it didn't prove very effective, as there was a lot of damage and loss. Many belongings were lost, including property, like homes and businesses, families and family members, mentality and sanity, and money. Because of this and other reasons, many
Nisei renounced their American citizenship after their internment. -
JACL Presents Bill
The Japanese-American Citizen Leagues of Northern California-Western Nevada District Council presented a bill to Congress on this day to give victims of internment camps money whenever they needed it for life, tax-free.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
World War 2 Japanese-American Human Rights Violation Act
A Japenese-American representative, named Mike Lowry, proposed this bill to Congress, which would grant immediate payments of $15,000 to each Japanese-American internee, along with $15 per diem. Congress ended up favoring this bill over the bill presented by JACL.
http://www.pbs.org/childofcamp/history/index.html -
Public Hearing
Websites UsedThe Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians held a public hearing on this day, in Washington, D.C. This public hearing was one of many public hearings in the year of 1981. At the Washington, D.C. public hearing, 750 Japanese-Americans witnessed the emotional testimony. -
National Apology
Websites UsedOn this day, the Civil Liberties Act of 1988 was created, which Congress enacted to pay each Japanese-American victim of illegal imprisonment $20,000. These payments acted as apologies from the national government,along with letters later sent from the President, for the killing of 120,000 innocent Japanese people that were legal citizens of the United States, and as later found out, were all innocent of any espionage or alliance to the Japanese forces at the time.
