-
Benito Mussolini
-In Italy, Benito Mussolini developed a new type of political party and seized power.
-By 1921, Mussolini established the Fascist party.
-Fascism stressed Nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals -
Joseph Stalin- USSR
-Joseph Stalin was apowerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union. He was a dictator who terrorized the population and sent many people to prison and labor camps.
-One of the communist leaders greatest tasks was collectivize farming. Stalin created a state-owned farms.
-While Stalin was the leader he steadily increased power. Many of his enemies were shot or sent to Siberia. -
Period: to
Axis
-Germany, Italy, and Japan led a group of nations called the Axis.
-1930s the Nazis, leader was Hitler and tried to take revenge to the countries that defeated Germany in WW1 & wanted world domination.
-1930s Japan invaded Manchuria because it had a lot of raw materials.
-They want their own countries to grow & others to become weaker. -
Japanese Expansion
-japanese expansion in East Asia began in 1931 with the invasion of Manchuria and continued in 1937 with a brutal attack on China. On September 27, 1940, Japan signed the Triprtite pact with germany and italy. Then the US had stopped trade with the Japanese which led them to attack the US and British forces in Asia, and shortly after the Japanese had dropped a bomb on Pearl Harbor leading to the US declaring war on the Japanese and joining the war. -
Adolph Hitler
-IN GERMANY, ADOLPH HITLER HAD FOLLOWED A PATH TO POWER SIMILAR TO MUSSOLINI'S
-IN 1919 HE JOINED A STRUGGLING GROUP CALLED THE NAZI PARTY
-HITLER QUICKLY BECAME THE PARTY'S LEADER HE ESTABLISHED A DICTATORSHIP AS BRUTAL OR WORSE THAN STALINS
-HE WAS DETERMINED TO ACHIEVE TO ACHIEVE GERMAN DOMINATION OF EUROPE -
Period: to
Volunteerism of WW2 (victory corps)
Domestic: Home front both girls and boys from white and African American schools participated
-Physical fitness program enroll in war effort classes volunteer one extracurricular wartime activity
*War Efforts- was to prepare high school students to aid in the war effort on the home front and fronties -
Period: to
Japan's War Expansion
-Japan wished to replace European imperialism in Asia UNIT the imperialism of an Asian power
-place-p dates Japan invaded
-Manchuria-1937
-Southern Indochina-1941
-Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the U.S.A. by cutting of all trade WHITH JAPAN -
Period: to
Volunteerism in WW2 (Red Cross)
At Home: Began Donations services in America to produce life saving plasma for the Armed Forces, served in hospitals, produced emergency supplies, collected scrap, ran victory gardens, & maintained training programs.
Overseas: Became the chief of providers of relief supplies in Europe, served as field directors provided support for troops, operated clubs, & were attended to military hospitals. -
German Expansion
-The German invasion of western poland on September 1, 1939 led to ww2. Between 1939 and 1941 the german army invaded and occupied many countries, including the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, France, Denmark, Norway, and Western Poland. Th einvasion of Poland led both Britain and France to declare war on Germany and then began war, because German invasions continued more of the countries declared war on the germans and their allies which caused a international response of war. -
George Marshall
Throughout the war general George C. Marshall (1880-1959) acted as chief of staff and the organizer of victory. He worked closely with president roosevelt to urge military preparedness before pearl harbor, built up and supplied an army of 8 million men, and later helped to oversee the creation of the first atomic bomb. -
Rationing
-Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources & goods.
-Rationing items were gasoline, tires, meat, butter, & jellies.
-People had to use "Rationing Goods" which were issued to each family based on it's size. -
Period: to
Allied
-Great Britain, United States of America, Soviet Union, France led a group of nations called the Allied.
-In 1941 Congress voted that a state of war existed between USA & Japan.
-War caused by German expansionism England & France were unprepared for war
-When Hitler invaded Poland, WW2 began -
M1 SEMI AUTOMATIC RIFLE AND RADAR
M1
-The design of the M1 allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their german and japanese counter parts.
Radar
-Battles were won by the sie that was first to spot enemy airplanes, ships, or submarines. The radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night. -
War Bonds
-Way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
-People would buy Bonds & the Government promised to return to them with interest after 10 years or more
-Government needs the money to pay for war equipment -
Pearl Harbor
-December 7,1941, two waves of Japanese attack sank or severely damaged 18 U.S. Ships on the air fields, more than 260 air planes were damaged or destroyed while the attack killed or injured almost grow Americans F.D.R. said yesterday December 7, 1941. A date which will live in infamy the united states of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air force of the empire if Japan. -
Period: to
Code Talkers
-Navajo code talkers played a key role in the Pacific campaign. The American Military needed an undecipherable code that could not be broken by the Japanese. The Navajo language is unwritten & extremely American forces could transmit messages by telephone & radio in a code that the Japanese were unable to break. -
Period: to
WACS
Women joined the new Women's Army Corps (WACS) After basic training most of these women took clerical jobs in the military. Women replaced jobs formerly held by men, such as shipbuilding & aircraft production. The idea was to have women fill jobs held buy men to send more men to war. Between 1941-1945 more than 6.5 miles women entered the work force. -
Civilian Defense Organization
-Roosevelt set up the Office of Civilization Defense (OCD) to coordinate state and federal measures to protect civilians in war related emergency. The OCD organized the U.S. Citizens defense corps. to recruit and train volunteers to reform essential tasks. -
Executive Order 9066
Description: U.S. Presidential executive order signed & issued during WW2 by Franklin D. Roosevelt authorizing the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones clearing the way for the deportation of Japanese Americans.
Cause: The attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 led to growing suspicions largely by Racism&fear about the Loyalty of Japanese Americans -
Executive Order 9066 B
Effect: -Japanese ancestry was classified as "Enemy Aliens"
-Curfews were instituted & assets were frozen
-120,000 Japanese Americans were informed that the government would forcibly remove them from their communities to relocation centers. -
WAVE
-Woman accepted for volunteer emergency service (waves) was created in 1942 in response to the need for additional military personnel during WW2 waves were an official part of the navy, it's members held the same rank & ratings as more personnel waves could not serve aboard combat ships or aircraft, & initially were restricted to activities in the continental U.S. at the end of WW2; there were over 8,000 female officers -
RADAR
-USED TO CREATE ON ELECTRIC MAP OF ALL OBJECTS IN ALL DIRECTIONS AND A GREAT DISTANCES AWAY AS POSSIBLE. ALSO TO LOCATE THE PRECISE POSITION OF PREVIOUSLY DETECTED TARGET. THIS WAS A GREAT ADVANTAGE FOR PILOTS CAUSE IT GAVE THEM THE OPPORTUNITY TO ATTACK A TARGET AT NIGHT. I ALSO DETECTED INCOMING GERMAN AND JAPANESE PLANES. -
Period: to
U.S. Office of War Information
Responsibilities: Control the content and imagery of war messages and make citizens aware of how they could help in the war effort
Activities: Produced Radio programs, news reels, asked citizens to contribute time/money, create products, consent resources, donate, and stir up distrust to lower enemy and population morals to promote surrender. -
Omar Bradley and George C. Marshall
O.C.: WAS A SENIOR OFFICER OF THE U.S. ARMY
-HE WAS IN SERVICE IN NORTH AMERICA AND WESTERN EUROPE
-HE THEN BECAME GENERAL OF THE FIRST AMERICAN ARMY TO LAND IN FRANCE
G. C. M.: ACTED AS CHIEF OF STAFF AND THE "ORGANIZER OF VICTORY"
-WORKED CLOSELY W/ ROOSEVELT, TO URGE MILITARY MILITARY TO PREPARE BY PEARL HARBOR.
-BUILT A ARMY OF 8 MILLION MEN.
-LATER HELPED OVERSEE THE CREATION OF THE FIRST ATOMIC BOMB. -
Korematsu United States
-Korematsu was a Japanese American convicted of staying in a restricted area
-He believed his constitutional rights were violated
-Roosevelt ordered that constitutional liberties may be limited during wartime
-This case went against the Executive Order 9066
-50 years later congress apologized and paid reparations to Japanese Americans -
Period: to
The Yalta : Potsdam Conference
-The "YP" conference was created for the big 3 to create a solution for the end of WW2
-The Conf. included the Soviet Union leader Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Roosevelt
-The main countries were U.S., Britain,; The Soviet Union countries
-They made a decision to divide Germany into 4 zones and they allowed free elections in the court from the German rules -
Truman's Fair Deal
-Truman's fair deal, an extension of Roosevelt's New Deal, included proposals for a nationwide system of compository health insurance and a crop subsidy system to provide steady income to farmers.
-Truman's ideas prevailed, congress raised the hourly minimum wage 40 cents to 75 cents,extended social security courage to about 10 million more people & initiated flood control an irrigation.