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benito mussolini
- in Italy , benito mussolini developed a new type of political party and seized power
- by 1921 mussolini established the fascist party
- fascism stressed nationalism and placed the interest of the state above those individual
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joseph stalin
- in USSR joseph stalin whose cast name means " man of steel" took control of the country
- stalin focused on creating a model communist state he moved both agricultural and industrial growth
- in 1939 stalin had firmly established a totalitarian gov. that tried to exert complete control over citizens
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Allied powers
Great Britain, U.S China , Soviet Union along with others prime purpose was to defeat the axis powers and create a peaceful POST war world -
Period: to
Axis
-includes Germany Japan and Italy along with others
Prime purpose was to establish and maintain new order
They supported each other's fil for territorial expansion wanted the destruction of the Soviet Union and acknowledged each other's supremacy in their geographic area -
Japan
Japan invaded Manchuria ( China's eastern seaboard ) because Japan was becoming very crowed without being able to expand because of being an island Japan believed Manchuria was rich with minerals so it was an obvious plan for Japan
Japan withdrew from the League of Nations after a report of them invading Manchuria -
adolph hitler
- in germany adolph hitler had followed a path to power similar to mussolini
- in 1919 he joined a struggling group called the nazi party
- hitler quickly became the partys leader he established a dictatorship as brutal or worst than stalins
he was determined to achieve german domination of europe
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Period: to
Advanced technology in WW2 part C
Torpedoes was used to destroy submarines and ships from long distance, b/c bullets couldn't go far and do a lot of damage
Bombing raids were used to destroy anything in a certain area such as factories that produce military equipment in WW2
Wolf packs were Herman submarines that has mass attack tactics against convoys a group of ships warships submarines that attack a certain target all at once -
Period: to
Tuskegee airmen/ flying airmen
-their main job was to provide escorts for pilots on bombing missions
- by 1944 the army had come under pressure to allow African Americans to engage in combat on the ground and also form and African American infantry division
- flying tigers were recruited to send supplies and to engage in combat with Japanese pilots
- flying tigers were all volunteered flying pilots from the U.S -
German expansion
- Germany started acquiring German speaking areas lost after WW1 like Sudetenland (a section of France ) Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland
- increasing a global political division emerged between democratic societies (U.S and Britain ) and totalitarian states (germany) actions at first nothing but when Germany did not stop an all out war occurred
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Germany
- at the beginning of the 1930's Adolph hitler is nazi party exploited wife spread and deep seated where discontent in Germany to extract popular and political support
- during the 1st thee years of WW2 from when sep.1939 through nov.1942 a series of military victories permitted German domination of continent
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rationing
- rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources and goods
- rationing items were gasoline, tries, meat, butter and jellies
- people had to use ' rationing goods ' which were issued to each family based on its size
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war bonds
- way to remove money from circulation as well as reduce inflation
- people would buy bonds and the government promised to return to them with interest after 10 years or more
- gov. needs the money to pay for war equipment
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Civilian defense organization
- Roosevelt set up the office defense (OCD) to coordinate state and federal measures to protect civilians in war-related emergency. The OCD organized the U.S citizens defense corps to recruit and train volunteers to preform essential tasks
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rosie the river
- 1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home " Rosie the river " star of a gov. campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for munitions industry become perpaps the most iconic image of working women during the war
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Lend lease program
- gave the president the authority to "sell lease lend or otherwise dispose of any defense article" to any nation whose defense he considered critical to that the U.S
- neautrally by claiming that loans were made in the interest of national defense goods were not destroyed or lost in battle were to be returned or paid for
- it allowed the U.S to proved its allies with aid in the form of tanks planes ammunition and construction supplies
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Pearl harbor
- Japanese planes attached U.S naval base at Pearl Harbor , Hawaii territory
- the bombinf killed more than 2,300 Americans , destroying the American battleship U.S.S
- "Yesterday,December 7, 1941 date which will live infamy the United States of America was suddenly and deliberatoly attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of Japan
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executive order 9066 B
effect: japanese ancestry was classified as "enemy aliens "
- curfews were instituted and assests were frozen
- 120,000 japanese americans were informed that the gov. would forcibly remove them from their communities to relocation center -
executive order 9066
description : U.S presidential executive order signed and issued during WW2 by Franklin D. Roosevelt authorizing the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones clearing the way for the deportation of japanese americans
cause : the attack on pearl harbor in dec. 1941 led to growing suspicious largely by racsim and fear about the loyalty of japanese americans -
Bataan death march
- the Bataan death march happened after the U.S surrender of the Bataan peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis power allies prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prison campos where thousands died from disease mistreatment and salvation
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Battle of midway
- the battle of midway pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since it was one of the most decisive U.S victories against Japan
- The U.S inflicted permanent damnage on the Japanese navy this was the Turing pain of the U.S against Japan
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Victory gardens
- as part of the war effort the gov. Rationed foods like sugar , butter , milk , cheese , eggs, coffee , meat and canned goods
- the gov. Turned to its citizens and encourage them to plan "victory gardens "
- garden help make sure enough food and supplies were available for home and the troops during WW2
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Higgins/ boat / nuclear weapons
- Higgins boat was a landing craft used entensively in amphibious landing in WW2 . The craft was designed by Andrew Higgins based on boats made for operating in swamps and marshes
- in July 16, 1945 president harry Truman decided to use atomic bomb against Japan after bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in aug . 1945 Japan surrendered WW2 in which over 70 million people died when it was over
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Wave
- women accepted for volunteer emergency service(waves) was created in 1942 in response to the need for additional military personnel during WW2
- waves were an official part of the navy its members held the same rank and ratings as male personnel
- waves could not serve aboard combat ships or aircraft and initially wee restricted to amity in the continental U.S at the end of WW2 there were 8,000 female officers
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Douglas MacArthur
- he was an American five star general and gels Marshall of the Philippine army
- he was chief of stuff of the U.S army during the 1930s and play a prominent role in the pacific theater during WW2
- Douglas MacArthur led the island happening -commander of the allied forces in southwest pacific
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Radar and M-1 semi automatic rifle
- to create an electronic map of all objects in all directions and great distances away as possible
- also to locate the precise position of previously detected targets
- this was a great advantage of pilots cause it gave them the opportunity to attack a target at night
- it also detected incoming German and Japanese plans
- was a light and easy to use
- caliber gave soldiers more Mobility and stronger fire power
- used for everyday Killing
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Bernard Montgomery
- was a senior British army officer who fought in both wars during the second war he commended the British eighth army
- commanded of the 21st srmy group for the rest of the campaign in the N.W Europe it was essential to success on D-Day in the 1944 as was his role as ground commander of the Anglo American forces under Eisenhower
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Isorko yamamdo
- Japanese Marshall admiral and commander in chief of the combined fleet -played a vital role (executed the surprise attack ) in Pearl Harbor which made Japan victories
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Erwin Rommel
Field Marshall Erwin Rommel was of Germans most popular generals during WW2 on D-Day he discussed with other officers about surrendering due to his ties to the plot to over thrown hilter he was murdered -
Chester W. Nimitz
Was leading the U.S navy authority on submarines he was the U.S a lost surviving officer who ranked as a fleet admiral
Admiral chest was appointed commander in the chief of the US pacific fleet just after pear harbor -
Omar Bradley
- was a senior officer of U.S army
- he was in services in North America and Western Europe during WW2
- he then became general of the 1st American army to land in France
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
- he was a supreme commander of allied forces
- led the massive invasion of nazi occupied Europe that began on d day ( June 6 1944) -leading republican convince Eisenhower then in command of N A T O forces in Europe to run for president
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George C. Marshall
- throughout the war general George Marshall (1880-1959) acted as chief for staff and the "organizer of victory "
- he worked closely with president Roosevelt to urge military preparedness before pear harbor built up and supplied an army of 8 million men and later helped to overseas the creation of the first atomic bomb
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George Patton
- led the U.S 7th army in its invasion of Sicily And swept across northern France
- Pattons forces played a key role in the featuring the German counter attack in the battle of bulge
- Patton died in Germany in December 1944 of injuries in a automobile accident
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D-Day
-effected the war ride for the allies positively because the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitler's dreams of nazi domination. D-day was the largest air, land , and sea operation undertaken the landing included over 5k ships , 11k airplanes , and over 150k service men. By the end the allies had reached the siene river , Paris was liberated and Germans had been removed from northwestern France effectively concluding the battle of Normandy -
Koremastsu vs U.S
- free koremastsu a Japanese US citizen refused to leave home in San Leandro CA
- court decided the nations security concern out weighed the constitution promise of equal nights
- the executive order 9066 banned Japanese alien and non- alien from the US -50 yrs later it was over turned by congress and an apology was given
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Postdam conference
-the big three Soviet leader Joseph Stalin British prime minister Winston Churchill replaced on July 26 by prime minister clement attlee
-Roosevelt Churchill and Stalin met at yalta to plan the reorganization of Europe at the end of the war agreed on the formation United Nations -
Women and minority
-while the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories after the men came back to reclaim their positions at factories but the women didn't want to give them up spurring up the feministic movement in the war men of color fought along side white men for the first time when they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial slurs sparking the civil rights movement -
The U.S and Europeans Countries
In the U.S the war happened after the Great Depression 30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war the European countries were left to rebuild the U.S lend money to the countries and Germany was the only country to fully pay it back in 1990 -
President Truman "fair deal "
- the deal was set to target solutions does national health insurance public housing civil rights legislation and federal and to education
- advocated the increase in the minimum wage federal assistance to farmers and extension of social security
- it affect the economy by almost doubling the minimum wage it established the housing act and got an extension of social security benefits