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Benito Mussolini-Italy
fascism was an authoritarian political movement that developed in Italy and other Europeans countries after 1919
fascist program emphasized intense nationalism productivism anti socialism elitism and the need for a strong leader Mussolini -
Joseph Stalin-USSR
Joseph Stalin was a powerful communist leader in the early years of the soviet union he was a dictator who terrorized the population and send many people to prison and labor camps
one of the communist leaders greatest task was collectivize farming Stalin created a state owned farms
while Stalin was the leader he steadily increased his power many of his enemies were shot or sent to Siberia -
Japanese expansion
Japanese expansion in east asia began in 1931 with the invasion of Manchuria and continued in 1937 with a brutal attack in china on September 27 1940 japan signed the tripartite pact with Germany and Italy then the u.s had stopped trade with the Japanese which led them to attack the and British forces in Asia -
Adolph Hitler Germany
a dictatorship requires one person and one party to be in control of a nation
personal freedom disappear in Nazi Germany
Hitler asked hinder burg to grant him emergency power in view of the Communist takeover -
advance technology in ww2
torpedoes were used to destroy submarines and ships from long distance because bullets couldn't go far and do a lot of damage.
bombing raids were used to destroy anything in a certain area such as factories that produce military equipment in ww2 . -
Axis Powers of WW2
the axis powers of ww2 were Germany Italy and japan
this was originally between Germany and Italy by binding Rome and Berlin -
german expansion
western Poland on September 1 1939 led to WW2
both Britain and France to declare war on germany and they began war
allies which caused a international response of war -
George Marshall
trough out the war general George C Marshall acted as chief of staff and the organizer of victory he worked closely with president Roosevelt to urge military preparedness before Pearl harbor built up and supplied an army of 8million men -
axis powers of ww2
axis powers in ww2 were Germany Italy and japan this was originally between Germany and Italy by binding Rome and Berlin -
Period: to
volunteerism in ww2 red cross
at home
began blood donor services in america to produce live saving plasma for the armed forces saved in hospitals produced emergency supplies collected scrap run victory gardens
became the chief providers of relief supplies in Europe served as field director provided support for troops operated clubs -
Rationing
-rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources & goods
-rationing items were gasoline tires meat butter & jellies
-people had to use ;rationing goods; which were used to each family based on its size -
M1 SEMI AUTIMATIC RIFLE & RADAR
the design of the M1 allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their German & japanese couterparts
battle were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes ships or submarines the radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night -
Civilian defense organization
Roosevelt set up the office of civilian defense(ocd) to coordinate state & federal measures to protect civilians in war related emergency the OCD organized the u.s citizens defense corps to recruit & train volunteers to perform essential tasks -
Rosie the riveter
1945 nearly one out of every 4 married women worked outside the home Rosie the riveter star of a government campaign aimed at restructuring female workers for the munitions industry became perhaps the most iconic image of working women during the war -
war bonds
way to remove money from circulation as well reduce inflation
people would buy bonds & the gov. promised to return to them with interest after 10 yr or more
gov. needs the $ to pay war equipment -
Rosie the river
1945 nearly one out of every 4 married women worked outside the home Rosie the river star of a gov. campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for the munitions industry became perhaps the most ionic image of working women during the war -
WACS
women joined the new women's army crops after basic training most of these women took clerical jobs in the military women replaced jobs formerly helped by men
the idea was to have women fill the jobs held by men to send more men to war between 1941-1945 more that 6.5 mil women entered the work force -
women in military
WACS women army corps
Auxiliary unit
the women did paperwork supply food telegram
waves women accepted for volunteer emergency service in the navy
at the end of world war 2 women couldn't stay in the navy -
lend lease program
gave the president the authority to sell lease lend or otherwise dispose of an defense article to any nation whose defense he considered critical to that of the u.s
it allowed the u.s to provide its allies with aid in the form of tanks ammunition and construction supplies -
Pearl Harbor
the Japanese royal navy launched a surprise attack against the Americans killing over 2.400 Americans and militants personal
destroyed 18 ships and 32 airplanes
Roosevelt famous day of infamy speech was a response to the attack -
multiple fronts fought by the u.s
the u.s had fought a few fronts during ww2 like the Atlantic front the pacific front
the European front and the home front -
executive order 9066
description; presidential executive order signed & issued during WW2 by Franklin D Roosevelt authorizing the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones clearing the way for the deportation of Japanese Americans -
EXECUTIVE ORDER 9066 PT2
CAUSE- the attack on pearl harbor in December 1941 led to growing suspicions largely by racism & fear about the loyalty of Japanese Americans
EFFECT- Japanese ancestry was classified as enemy aliens curfews were instituted &assets were frozen 120.000 Japanese american were informed that the gov. would FORBLY remove from their communities to relocate centers -
Period: to
victory corps
both girls and boys from white and African american school participated
students participate in a physical fitness program and enroll in a car effort class -
KOREMATSU V. UNITED STATES
Korematsu was a Japanese-American convicted of staying in a restricted area
he believed his constitutional rights were violated
Roosevelt ordered that the constitutional liberties may be limited during war time
this case went against the executive order 9066
50 yrs later congress apologized 7 payed reparations to jap-Americans -
victory gardens
as part of the war effort the gov. rationed foods like sugar butter milk cheese eggs coffee meat & canned goods
the gov. turned to its citizens & encouraged them to plant 'victory gardens'
gardens help make sure enough food & supplies were available for home & the troops during WW1 -
FLYING TIGERS
1st american volunteer group of the Chinese air force
tigers primary mission was to protect the burma with the rest of china
dec 20.1941 tigers destroyed 4 jap bombers
tigers had highest kill-loss ratios of WW2 -
WAVES
women accepted for volunteer emergency service was created in 1942 is response to the need for additional military personal during WWW2
waves were an official part of the navy -
Bataan Death March
happened after the u.s surrender of the Bataan peninsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis powers because approximately 75.000 Filipino and american troops on Bataan were forced to make an arduous 65 mile march to prison camps -
battle of midway
pushed the war tide in favor of the allied powers since it was one of the most decisive u.s victories against japan
inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese navy by destroying 4 fleet carriers 322 air crafts and over 5.000 sailors -
victory gardens
as the part of the war effort the government rationed food like sugar butter milk cheese eggs coffee meat and canned goods
the government turned to its citizens and encouraged them to plant victory gardens -
Higgins boats
Higgins boat were a landing craft used extensively in amphibious landing in ww2 the crafts were design by Andrew Higgins based made for operations in swamps or marshes -
executive order 9066
the document ordered the removal of resident enemy from parts of the west
after bombing pearl harbor by the Japanese in 1941 Roosevelt came under increase pressure by military and political -
Chester w Nimitz
was leading the u.s army authority in submarines
he was the u.s last surviving officer who ranked as a fleet admiral
he commanded u.s forces at the battle of midway
the battle halted the Japanese advance in the pacific -
isoroku yamamato
Japanese marshal admiral commander in chief of the combined fleet -
Bernard montgomery
senior British army officer in the African & European war
was over all British troops on June 6 1944 D-Day -
Douglas Mac Author
american 5 star general and field marshal of the Philippine army
Mac Author was chief of staff during WW2 -
erwin rommel
field marshal
Germans most popular generals during ww2
on D-Day he discussed with other officers about surrendering
due to his ties to the plot to overthrow Hitler he was murdered -
us office of war information
control the content and imagery of war messages and make citizens aware of how they could help in the war effort
produced radio programs new reels asked citizens to contribute time and money -
Omar Bradley
was a highly distinguished 4 star general of the u.s army who saw distinguished service in north Africa & western Europe during WW2
from the Normandy landings of June 6 1944 through to the end of the war in Europe he commanded all us ground forces invading Germany from the west
commanded 43 divisions with 1.3 million men -
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
he was a supreme commander of allied forces
led to massive invasion of Nazi-occupied Europe that began on day june 6 1944
leading republicans convince Eisenhower to run for president -
George Marshall
secretary of state gorge c Marshall proposed that massive aid be given to the countries of war torn Europe to rebuild their economies
believed this aid would create strong European allies & trading partners in the u.s
plan was successful and benefited the american economy in helping to rebuild war torn Europe -
George Patton
led the us army in its invasion of Sicily and swept across northern France
pattons forces played a key role in defending the German counterattack in the battle of bulge
patton died in Germany in December 1945 of injuries sustained in the automobile accident -
Tuskegee Airmen
African american military pilots who fought in WW2
1ST black service men to serve as military aviators in us armed forces
u.s air force did not exist as a separate entity the army registered using black men as pilots but in response to a pending lawsuit conceded to creating a segregated unit for the m -
Omar Bradley
was a senior officer of the u.s army
he was in service in north america and western Europe during ww2 -
invasion of Normandy
D-Day affected the war tide for the allies positively because the battle foreshadow the end of Hitlers dream of Nazi domination -
Korematsu vs US
Fred Korematsu a Japanese us citizen refused to leave his home in San leandro CA
50 years later it was over turned by congress and an a apology was given -
Potsdam conference
Roosevelt Churchill & stallion met in Yolta
They agreed on the formation of the united nations & the Germany would be divided into 4 zones occupied by Russia UK,us, & France
free elections would also be passed soon after differences began to emerge -
Potsdam conference
broke Germany into 3 different parts
gathered to decide how to punish Germany
participants were the USSR the US and the UK -
women and minority
while the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories
spring up the feministic movement -
nuclear weapon
president harry Truman decided to use the atomic bomb against japan after bombs were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in august japan surrendered ww2
70 million people died when it was over -
the u.s & European countries
the war happened after the great depression
30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the unemployment boost due to the war -
island hopping
island hopping was affecting the tide in favor of the allied powers because they kept pushing Japanese forces out of the islands -
liberation of concentration camps
liberation of the camps pushed towards the victory for the allies because they were slowly starting to shut down Hitlers operation of the Nazi takeover .
soviet were the first forces to reach a concentration camp