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Benito Mussolini was born.
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini, tyrant creator of fascism, in Dovia di Predappio, a small town in Forlí, and the eldest of the three children of a socialist blacksmith (Alessandro), and the ultra Catholic and school teacher Rosa Maltoni .
He started talking very late. So much so that Alessandro and Rosa feared that he was dumb. But he made up for that silence with early violence. At just 11 years old, he was expelled from the Salesian school in Faenza for cutting a friend's face with a razor. -
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Facts about Mussolini.
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Adolf Hitler's Birth
Catholic by baptism, Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) was born on April 20, 1889, in the border town of Braunau am Inn, located approximately 65 miles (105 km) east of Munich and almost 30 miles (48 km) north of Salzburg in Upper Austria.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qttRJzUBgPc -
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Some information about Hitler's figure.
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Beginning of some of the recent international conflicts
Here are some wars which are still active nowadays (2020) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vTX9imNlBKw -
Adolf hitler's youth
Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party in Germany in the years before and during World War II, was also a painter.Hitler produced hundreds of works and sold his paintings and postcards to try to make a living during his years in Vienna (1908- 1913) -
Beginning of the First War
Hitler moved to Munich, Germany, in May 1913. He did it so that he would not be arrested. Until the First World War took a turn in 1913, he was promoted to the rank of corporal, he was wounded twice (in 1916 and 1918) and received several medals. In October 1918, Hitler was partially blind in a mustard gas attack near Ypres, Belgium. They sent him to the military hospital, where he received the news of the armistice of November 11, 1918, when he was recovering. -
Benito Mussolini forms the Fascist movement in Milan Italy.
In 1919, Mussolini organized his fascist movement in the northern city of Milan. He formed squads of street fighters who wore black shirts. His “Blackshirts” beat up socialists and communists and threw them out of local governments. The communist revolution in Russia had taken place only two years earlier. -
Mussolini forms a cabinet in Italy.
The Fascist dictator ruled the country from 31 October 1922 to 25 July 1943.
The government was composed by members from National Fascist Party, Italian People's Party, Italian Social Democratic Party, Italian Liberal Party, Italian Nationalist Association and other independent politicians. However, since 1 July 1924, all other parties were purged and the government was composed exclusively of Fascists, except for a few military officers. -
Mussolini marches on Rome.
The March on Rome was an organized mass demonstration in October 1922, which resulted in Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party ascending to power in the Kingdom of Italy. When fascist troops entered Rome, Prime Minister Luigi Facta wished to declare a state of siege, but this was overruled by King Victor Emmanuel III. On 29 October 1922, the King appointed Mussolini as Prime Minister, transferring political power to the fascists without armed conflict. -
The Fascist Voluntary Militia forms in Italy under Mussolini. (Black Shirts)
On February 1, 1923, the private Blackshirts were officially transformed into a national militia, the Voluntary Fascist Militia for National Security. The black shirt was worn not only by these military Fascists but also by other Fascists and their sympathizers, especially on patriotic occasions. With the fall of Mussolini in 1943, however, the black shirt and the Blackshirts fell into disgrace. -
Coup d'etat in Munich
On November 8 and 9, 1923, Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party led a coalition group in an attempted coup d'etat known as the Brewery Putsch. They started at the Bürgerbräu Keller brewery in the Bavarian city of Munich, in order to take control of the state government, march on Berlin and overthrow the German federal government. Instead, they attempted to establish a new government to oversee the creation of a Great German Reich. -
Mussolini dissolves Italian parliament/becomes dictator
At first, he ruled democratically and constitutionally, but in 1925, he turned Italy into a one-party, totalitarian state, and ruled as Italy's dictator. ... The fear of a communist revolution abetted his remarkable rise and allowed Mussolini and his fascist party to seize power, with little opposition. -
Wrote the book of Mein Kampf
Hitler began writing the book in Landsberg prison in May 1924, after being sentenced to five years in prison for planning and executing the failed Munich coup. Despite his conviction, Hitler had preferential treatment and received visits from admirers and gifts.On the writing process, the most widely held opinion is that Hitler would have started dictating the text to his driver, Emil Maurice, he was lansed on July 18 from 1925. -
Hitler is appointed chancellor
The party's rise to power was rapid. Before the economic depression hit the Nazis, they were virtually unknown and had won just 3 percent of the votes for the Reichstag (German parliament) in the 1924 elections. In the 1932 elections, the Nazis. They won 33 percent of the vote more than any other party. In January 1933 Hitler was appointed Chancellor of the German government, many Germans believed that they had found the savior of the nation. -
The night of the long knives
Hitler consolidates his power by purging the most radical sectors of the party. The first massacre perpetrated by the Nazis liquidates its main rival within National Socialism, Ernst Röhm, head of the paramilitary corps SA, recognized homosexual. In 1933 the Nazis took power after making a pact with the old elites Ernst Röhm, their leader , had managed to increase the ranks of its militants, who had grown to more than 3 million. June 30 and July 2, 1934 -
Death of Paul von Hindenburg
(Poznan, 1847 - Neudeck, East Prussia, 1934) German military man and politician, last president of the Weimar Republic. Coming from the dominant aristocratic caste of the Junkers, from Germany in 1871. Since 1911 he was a retired general; but the outbreak of the First World War (1914-18) put him in command of an army on the eastern front; the successes he achieved there against the Russians (Battle of Tannenberg, 1914) led him to be appointed Chief of the General Staff in 1916. -
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Escalating aggression- WW2
• 1935- Italy invades Ethiopia
• 1936- Hitler reoccupies the Rhineland
• 1937- Japan invades China
• 1938- Germany annexes Austria
• 1938- Germany occupies part of Czechoslovakia (Sudetesland)
• 1939- Hitler invades Poland (oficial start of WWII) -
Mussolini describes alliance between Italy & Germany as an "axis"
The pact was initially drafted as a tripartite military alliance between Japan, Italy and Germany. While Japan wanted the focus of the pact to be aimed at the Soviet Union, Italy and Germany wanted it aimed at the British Empire and France. -
Popular Front Wins The Election
The popular front was comprised of various left wing political organizations formed in 1936. Their coming to power marked the end of any hope for Catholic political influence. The Popular Front was heavily influenced by the USSR and communism. When they won the election there were many outbursts and a revolt from the right-wing and the nationalists led by Franco. This military uprising is believed to be one of the main causes of the Spanish Civil War. -
The beginning of the Spanish Civil War.
In 1936, Manuel Azaña, a democratically elected Republican, was the president of Spain when a group of the most influential generals from the Spanish army based in Morocco carried out a coup d'etat led by General Francisco Franco. Spain quickly erupted into civil war.
The Republicans, were supported by Soviet Union and the European democracies. The Nationalists, had the support of fascist Germany and Italy.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4DD162YpuhU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05_tghbhlfM -
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Spanish Civil War.
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The Siege of Alcazar
This was an attack by the popular front, the Republicans, on the Alcazar of Toledo that resulted in Nationalist victory. To the nationalists, the Alcazar represented the strength and dominance of Spain so losing the Alcazar would have been detrimental to their vision and morale. This attack was also for the Second Spanish Republic to show itself deeply anti-catholic. -
German Nazi and Italian Fascist Planes Arrive To Support Franco
After much contemplation, Germany and Italy decide to assist Franco in the Spanish Civil War. They mostly agree because of their support for fascist government. Having Germany and Italy as an ally in the war was extremely beneficial for the Nationalists and one of the reasons they won the war. In addition, the air force supplied by German and Italian troops, participated in several air bombardments on Barcelona and Madrid that weakend the Republicans and caused them to surrender. -
First Interantional Brigade Arrived In Spain
The International Brigades were made up of volunteers from different countries, who traveled to Spain to fight for the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War. Despite the International Brigades' help in the war, giving the Republicans strength in numbers and bringing many military supplies it was not enough to claim victory. However, they did help in Battles such as the Battle of Madrid. -
The Republican Invasion Of Majorica
On August 16 1936, the Republican troops landed at Majorica and were able to push inland 12 km. However, the Nationalists had become stronger after getting supplies and air support from Italy. The Republicans were defeated and the land was left in the Nationalists hands. After this retreat, Cabrera fell to the Nationalists and Ibiza was captured by the Majorica Garrison. -
The Battle For Madrid
During the Battle for Madrid the republicans held Madrid for the autumn of 1936. After the capture of Toledo, Franco made Madrid the target for the Republicans. This battle was the first in the Nationalists' three year attempt to conquer Madrid. In this Battle Franco attempted to storm Madrid but he failed both by assault and aerial bombardment. This was a prelude to the Battle of Malaga. -
The Battle of Malaga
This battle began when Nationalist and Italian forces wanted to eliminate Republican control of the province of Málaga during the Spanish Civil War. With the help of Moroccan regular and Italian tanks, the Spanish Republic Army withdrew completley. This Reublican defeat caused the communists in the Valencia government to force the resignation of the Under Secretary of War and replace him with a man with no military background. -
The Battle of Jarama
At the Battle of Jarama the nationalists launched an attack on the Madrid-Andalusia road, south of Madrid. It was an attempt by General Franco and the Nationalists to dislodge the Republican lines along the river Jarama, The Nationalists forced back the Republicans but no breakthrough was obtained. Republic counter attacks were ineffective as well. This battle resulted in high casualities on both sides, weakening the forces. It also exhausted the troops and they became low on ammunition and food -
The Battle Of Guadalajara
This was another attempted attack on Madrid after the assault at Jarama failed. It targeted the town of Guadalajara. The Nationalist forces were primarly consisting of Italian volunteer troops. The battle began with an Italian offensive however the Republicans launched a successful counter offensive and the Italian "volunteers" were defeated. This led to Franco abandoning any attempt to take Madrid. -
The Bombing of Guernica
The bombing of Guernica was an aerial attack on the Basque town of Guernica by the nationalist government with support from Germany and Italy. The Nationalists faced little resistance and were able to overrun the town. The bombing was one of the first attacks on civilans by an air force. The bombing shocked and inspired many works of art and pieces of literature such as Picasso's famous anti-war painting. -
Americans Form Two New Battalions
From May to March, America formed two new battalions, the George Washington Battalion and the MacKenzie-Papineau Battalion. Both consisted mostly of Canadians. Both of these fought on the Republican side of the war. They participated in battles such as the Battle of Teruel and had their final engagement in the Battle of Ebro. In the end, they were unable to overcome the fascist opposition plus there was a complete lack of support from any of the Western democracies.
MAR 1, 1937 – MAY 1, 1937 -
Battle of Bilbao
During the Battle of Bilbao the Nationalist army captured the city of Balbao and the rest of the Basque Country that was still occupied by the Republicans. The Republicans fell back on their "Ring of Iron" defense, however the defense was not a match for the heavy artillery bombardment from the Nationalist side. This allowed for the Nationalists to gain control of some of the north of Spain. This capture was seen as the key to ending the war in the north of Spain. -
The Battle of Teruel
This battle was fought in Teruel, Spain. Teruel was a symbol of Nationalist power on the Aragon front. The battle took place during the worst Spanish winter in 20 years. It was a battle with over 140,000 casulaties. The city first fell into the Republicans hands but eventaully was retaken by the nationalists. This was a turning point in the war the Spanish Republican Air force could not replace what they lost in battle. -
Start of the Bombing of Barcelona
This was a series of airstrikes in the city of Barcelona that lasted 48 hours by the Italians on the Nationalist side. It aimed at civilians and killed 1,500 dead and 2,000 wounded. Barcelona had very little anti-aircraft artillery and no fight cover. It was a detrimental loss for the Republicans. -
Nationalists Split the Republicans in Two at Vinaroz
On April 15 1938, the nationalists made a push through the Mediterranean Sea. This push split the Republican controlled terriotry in two. This created major issues for the Republicans in terms of communications and supplies. This weakened the Republican forces. -
The Battle of Ebro
The Battle of Ebro was the longest and largest battle of the Spanish Civil War. The fighting was mainly concentrated in two areas on the lower course of the Ebro River. The battle was detrimental for the Spanish Civil Republic and resulted in with tens of thouands dead and wounded. However there was very little effect on the advance of the nationalists.
JUL 12, 1938 – NOV 12, 1938 -
The Catalonia Offensive
The Catalonia Offensive was started by the Nationalitst Army and conquered Republican-held Catalonia with Barcelona. The Republican government tried to organize the defense of Barcelona but the were outnumbered one to six. This led to Nationalists finally occupied Barcelona on Janurary 26. -
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World War II
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Franquismo
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The Surrender of Madrid
After the Nationalists three year attempt to conquerer Madrid, the population was severely suffering from a lack of food, warm clothes and arms and ammunition and Franco was continuing to bombard the city. Conditions became so bad that Republican Colonel tried to negotiate with Franco, however they were forced to surrender unconditionally and leave the city of Madrid in the hands of the Nationalists. The Surrender of Madrid consequently became the factor that ended the war. -
Beginning of Franquismo
After Franco's victory in 1939, the Falange was declared the sole legally political party in Spain. Franco ruled and didn't even have to consult his cabinet for most legislation. On 1 October 1936, Franco was recognised as Caudillo of Spain by the Junta de Defensa Nacional. In April 1937, Franco assumed control of the Falange Española. Regional autonomy, liberal/social democracy, free elections and women's rights, including vote, were suppressed. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AC_J24h-tjs -
End of the Spanish Civil War
After the Surrender of Madrid, the Nationalists claimed victory in the Spanish Civil War. the Nationalist victory gave Francisco Franco power in Spain. Up to a million lives were lost over the year in the Spanish Civil War, the most in Spanish history. The power of the Catholic church was also restored under the Nationalists reign. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Final_offensive_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War#Peace_negotiations_with_Franco https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LDqH7O-IuFM -
Attack from germany to poland
When Germany invaded Poland. On September 1, 1939, exactly 70 years ago, Germany invaded Poland. In the two years that followed the invasion, Hitler managed to annex most of the European continent, from North to South. -
The beginning of World War II
In late August 1939, Hitler and Stalin signed the German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact. Hitler had long planned an invasion of Poland. Great Britain and France had guaranteed military support if it was attacked by Germany. On September 1, Hitler invaded Poland; France and Britain declared war on Germany, beginning World War II.
https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/world-war-ii-history
https://youtu.be/-kKCjwNvNkQ -
Countries involved in World War II
• THE AXIS
German
Italy
Japan
Austria
Slovakia (November 1940)
Hungary (November 1940)
Romania (November 1940)
Bulgaria (March 1941) • THE ALLIES
Australia
Belgium
Brazil
Canada
China
Czechoslovakia
Denmark
Estonia
France
Greece
India
Latvia
Lithuania
The Netherlands
New Zealand
Norway
Poland
South Africa
United Kingdom
United States
USSR
Yugoslavia https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JxFGq7FHsAo -
Mussolini joins Hitler in Germany's war and Italy declares war against France & Britain
Italy declares war on France and Great Britain. On this day in 1940, after withholding formal allegiance to either side in the battle between Germany and the Allies, Benito Mussolini, dictator of Italy, declares war on France and Great Britain. -
Japan bombs the Pearl Harbor (Hawaii) base of the United States (USA)
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military offensive carried out by the Japanese Imperial Navy against the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor. The attack was intended to be a preventive action aimed at preventing the United States' Pacific Fleet from intervening in the military actions that the Empire of Japan was planning to carry out in Southeast Asia against the overseas possessions of the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, and United States. -
The battle of Stalingrad between Germany and the Soviet Union begins.
It was a warlike confrontation between the Red Army of the Soviet Union and the Wehrmacht of Nazi Germany and its Axis allies for control of the Soviet city of Stalingrad, current Volgograd, between August 23, 1942 and February 2, 1943 The battle took place during the German invasion of the Soviet Union, in the framework of the Second World War. -
England defeats Germany in the Second Battle of El Alameín.
It was the turning point of the war in North Africa, during World War II. The battle was the continuation of the First Battle of El Alamein, which had halted the advance of the Afrika Korps forces. General Bernard Montgomery had taken command of the British VIII Army, displacing Claude Auchinleck in August 1942. -
Italian leader Mussolini resigns and is arrested
Benito Mussolini falls from power. On this day in 1943, Benito Mussolini, fascist dictator of Italy, is voted out of power by his own Grand Council and arrested upon leaving a meeting with King Vittorio Emanuele, who tells Il Duce that the war is lost. Mussolini responded to it all with an uncharacteristic meekness. -
Attack on the rastenburg barracks
Stauffenberg left Berlin by plane on the morning of Thursday, July 20, 1994, to Rastenburg, a town in East Prussia; 15 km east of this town was Hitler's military headquarters called Wolfsschanze ('Wolf's Lair') and Stauffenberg went there with a pair of plastic bombs hidden in the briefcase. -
Allied forces begin to take large numbers of Axis prisoners
The total number of prisoners taken on the Western Front in April 1945 by the Western Allies was 1,500,000.[1] April also witnessed the capture of at least 120,000 German troops by the Western Allies in the last campaign of the war in Italy. -
Liberation of Nazi concentration camps and refugees
Allied forces began to discover the scale of the Holocaust. The advance into Germany uncovered numerous Nazi concentration camps. Allied troops forced the remaining SS guards to gather up the corpses and place them in mass graves. Captured SS guards were subsequently tried at Allied war crimes tribunals where many were sentenced to death. However, up to 10,000 Nazi war criminals eventually fled Europe using ratlines. -
German forces leave Finland
On 25 April 1945, the last German troops withdrew from Finnish Lapland and made their way into occupied Norway -
Mussolini is captured and hanged upsidedown by Italian partisans.
The death of Benito Mussolini, the deposed Italian fascist dictator, occurred on 28 April 1945, in the final days of World War II in Europe, when he was summarily executed by an Italian partisan in the small village of Giulino di Mezzegra in northern Italy. -
German forces in Italy surrender
On 29 April, the day before Hitler died, Oberstleutnant Schweinitz and Sturmbannführer Wenner, plenipotentiaries for Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff and SS Obergruppenführer Karl Wolff, signed a surrender document at Caserta[13] after prolonged unauthorised secret negotiations with the Western Allies, which were viewed with great suspicion by the Soviet Union as trying to reach a separate peace. -
The death of adolf hitler
The death of Adolf Hitler, head of the Nazi Party and Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, occurred on April 30, 1945; Hitler committed suicide by shooting himself in the head with his wife, Eva Braun, who resorted to cyanide poisoning. The lack of public information regarding the whereabouts of his remains and the confusing reports thereon fueled rumors that Hitler may have survived to the end of the Second War. -
German forces in Berlin surrender
The Battle of Berlin ended on 2 May. On that date, General der Artillerie Helmuth Weidling, the commander of the Berlin Defense Area, unconditionally surrendered the city to General Vasily Chuikov of the Red Army. -
German forces in North West Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands surrender
On 4 May 1945, the British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery took the unconditional military surrender at Lüneburg from Generaladmiral Hans-Georg von Friedeburg, and General Eberhard Kinzel, of all German forces in Holland, in northwest Germany including the Frisian Islands and Heligoland and all other islands, in Schleswig-Holstein, and in Denmark.
At 16:00, General Johannes Blaskowitz, the German commander-in-chief in the Netherlands, surrendered to Canadian General Charles Foulkes. -
German forces in Bavaria surrender
At 14:30 on 5 May 1945, General Hermann Foertsch surrendered all forces between the Bohemian mountains and the Upper Inn river to the American General Jacob L. Devers, commander of the American 6th Army Group. -
Central Europe
On 5 May 1945, the Czech resistance started the Prague uprising. The following day, the Soviets launched the Prague Offensive. In Dresden, Gauleiter Martin Mutschmann let it be known that a large-scale German offensive on the Eastern Front was about to be launched. Within two days, Mutschmann abandoned the city, but was captured by Soviet troops while trying to escape. -
Hermann Göring's surrender
On 6 May, Reichsmarshall and Hitler's second-in-command, Hermann Göring, surrendered to General Carl Spaatz, who was the commander of the operational United States Air Forces in Europe, along with his wife and daughter at the Germany-Austria border. He was by this time the most senior Nazi official still alive. -
German forces in Breslau surrender
At 18:00 on 6 May, General Hermann Niehoff, the commandant of Breslau, a 'fortress' city surrounded and besieged for months, surrendered to the Soviets -
Jodl and Keitel surrender all German armed forces unconditionally
At 02:41 on the morning of 7 May, at SHAEF headquarters in Reims, France, the Chief-of-Staff of the German Armed Forces High Command, General Alfred Jodl, signed an unconditional surrender document for all German forces to the Allies. -
VE-Day
Following news of the German surrender, spontaneous celebrations erupted all over the world on 7 May, including in Western Europe and the United States. As the end of operations officially was set for Central European Time on 8 May, that day is celebrated across Europe as V-E Day. The Soviet Union celebrates Victory Day on 9 May, as the end of operations occurred after midnight Moscow time. -
Date of the atomic bombing in Japan
On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-ii/bombing-of-hiroshima-and-nagasaki https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/us-wwii/v/world-war-ii-in-the-pacific-in-1942 -
The Potsdam Agreement was signed
On 12 August 1945, the leaders of the US, Britain and the Soviet Union planned the new postwar German government... Also ordered German demilitarization, denazification, industrial disarmament and war reparations. But, as France (at American insistence) had not been invited to the Potsdam Conference, they refused to recognise any obligation to implement the Potsdam Agreement; with the consequence that the programme for accepting a peace settlement, remained a dead letter. -
End of World War II.
World War II ended with the surrender of Germany in May 1945, but both May 8 and May 9 are celebrated as Victory in Europe Day (or V-E Day).
In the East, the war ended when Japan surrendered unconditionally on Aug 14, 1945, signing their surrender on Sept 2. The Japanese surrender occurred after the United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki on Aug. 6 and 9. The date of the Japanese surrender is known as Victory Over Japan Day, or V-J Day. -
V-J Day marks the end of World War II.
Victory over Japan Day (also known as V-J Day) is the day on which Imperial Japan surrendered in World War II, bringing the war to an end.
On September 2, 1945, a formal surrender ceremony was performed in Tokyo Bay, Japan, aboard the battleship USS Missouri. In Japan, August 15 is known as the "memorial day for the end of the war" https://time.com/4486812/wwii-kiss-photo-vj-day/ https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/rise-to-world-power/us-wwii/v/1945-end-of-world-war-ii -
The Paris Peace Conference
Ended on 10 February 1947 with the signing of peace treaties by the wartime Allies with the former European Axis powers (Italy, Romania, Hungary and Bulgaria; although Italy by some was
considered a major power) and their co-belligerent ally Finland. -
BIRMANIA
Cause: insurgent armed groups confront the Government and ask for the recognition of their ethnic and cultural peculiarities, as well as the territorial structuring of the State or independence.
Infant mortality is over 10%. -
COLOMBIA
Cause: in the 1960s there was an alternation between two parties, with no alternative. The ELN and the FARC are born, an armed opposition.
In the 1970s, more groups joined, ending up negotiating with the government the 1991 Constitution.
In the 1980s, self-defense groups (paramilitaries) emerged, supported by the Army, businessmen and traditional politicians.
It is the second country in number of internally displaced persons: about three million.
The two armed groups use children as fighters. -
INDIA
The Government against the Maoist armed group CPI-M in seven states of the country. The group claims the eradication of the land ownership system and against parliamentary democracy. In1982, armed groups calling for independence fight against the Government. In 1983, armed opposition group ULFA aims to liberate the State of Assam from Indian colonization. In 1989 is fought in Jammu and Kashmir, for the partition of India and Pakistan. Several groups call for independence or accession to Pakistan -
FILIPINAS
Since 1978, the MNLF demands the self-determination of the Moro people, where various ethnolinguistic groups have lived Islamized and organized in independent sultanates since the 15th century. The MNLF suffered a split for ideological and leadership reasons, resulting in the MILF. The MNLF signed peace in 1996, but the MILF continues the fight. Since 1991, the Abu Sayyaf group wants to establish an independent Islamic state in some areas of the country. -
End of franquismo
Spain suffered continuous international isolation during the entire Franco dictatorship. The Spanish dictator wanted the country to be recognized by the international community. In the 1950s, Spain was accepted as a member of the United Nations. Then in 1970, Franco appointed Prince Juan Carlos as his successor. Juan Carlos was finally crowned after the death of the dictator in 1975. He helped Spain return to democracy. The country has been a constitutional monarchy ever since. -
Death And Legacy of Franco
Unlike most rulers of authoritarian regimes, Franco provided for the continuity of his government after his death through an official referendum in 1947 that made the Spanish state a monarchy. In 1967 he opened elections for a small minority of deputies to the parliament and in 1969 officially designated prince Juan Carlos as his official successor upon his death. Franco resigned his position of premier in 1973 but retained his functions as head of state, commander in chief of the armed forces. -
Important dates of Franquismo
Here in the photograph, there are some important events that happened between 1938 and 1975 -
SOMALIA
Cause: A coalition overthrew dictator Siad Barre in 1991, but soon after there was a power struggle within the coalition itself.
The conflict has left 300,000 dead since then.
International intervention in the early 1990s failed miserably.
71% of Somalis do not have access to clean water. -
Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany
Under the terms of this peace treaty, the Four
Powers renounced all rights they formerly held in Germany, including Berlin. As a result, following the acts of official German reunification achieved on 3 October 1990 and which itself was enabled by the Treaty, Germany became fully sovereign on 15 March 1991. Under the terms of the Treaty, the Allies were allowed to keep troops in Berlin until the end of 1994. In accordance with the Treaty, occupying troops were withdrawn by that deadline. -
ARGELIA
Cause: the FIS won the municipal and legislative elections against the party that led the country's independence, the FLN, which did not accept defeat.
There is an armed struggle between various groups and the Army, which relies on self-defense militias. -
ISRAEL Y PALESTINA
Cause: The war is yet another episode in a conflict that sparked in 1947, when the UN divided the territory of Palestine under British rule into two states.
A year later the State of Israel was proclaimed.
It is one of the conflicts that causes the most headlines in the press.
Israel and Hamas signed a truce that has been violated multiple times. -
NIGERIA
Cause: The conflict in the Niger Delta is mainly due to the oil dispute, which confronts different communities.
Kidnapping of workers is a constant in the country. -
PAKISTÁN
Cause: There is an armed conflict in the north-west zone, as a consequence of the armed conflict in Afghanistan after the 2001 bombings of the USA.
After the fall of the Taliban regime, some of them took refuge in the area.
41% of the population does not have basic sanitation. -
AFGANISTÁN
Cause: civil war between the Armed Forces and the Mujahideen (Islamic anti-communist guerrillas) who came to power in 1992.
The fighting gives rise to the Taliban, who control the country in the late 1990s.
In 2001, the US invades the country and defeats the Taliban.
Since 2006, despite having an elected government, violence has increased, after the recomposition of the Taliban militias.
Life expectancy at birth is 43 years.
Children continue to be recruited in the Army and in opposition groups. -
IRAK
Cause: the invasion of Iraq in March 2003 has led to a conflict in which numerous actors have been involved: international troops, the Iraqi Army, militias and insurgent groups, in addition to al-Qaeda.
The division of power between Sunnis, Shiites and Kurds has caused discontent among various sectors. -
SUDÁN
Insurgent groups were demanding the decentralization and development of the Darfur region. The Government responded with the Army and the Janjaweed militias.
In 2006, the Government signed an agreement with an insurgent group, but the rest have fragmented and violence has escalated.
66% of the population does not have access to basic sanitation.
Thousands of child soldiers are forced to enlist in the Army and in the opposition militias. In 2006, they recruited children living in refugee camps. -
YEMEN
Cause: Supporters of the Shiite minority cleric al-Houthi want to reinstate a theocratic regime among them.
The rebels accuse the government of corruption and neglecting various regions. -
REPÚBLICA CENTROAFRICANA
Cause: several insurgent groups do not recognize the Government of François Bozizé, the product of a coup d'état against President Ange Félix Patassé.
Recently, attacks against the civilian population by unidentified militias and highway robbers (the Zaraguinas) have grown.
84% live on less than 2 euros a day and the prevalence of AIDS is 10.7% -
CHAD
Cause: in 2004 there was a frustrated coup d'état and the reform of the 2005 Constitution was boycotted by the opposition.
Fights between Arab tribes and black populations between Sudan and Chad have brought the country an extension of the Darfur war.
More than half of Chadians do not have access to drinking water and only one in four can read and write.
In September 2007, there were 7,000 to 10,000 child soldiers, according to the Coalition to End the Use of Child Soldiers. -
ETIOPÍA
Cause: in 1984 an armed group (the ONLF) emerged, which confronts the Army and demands greater autonomy for the Somali community living in the country.
The disputes in the country have been taking place since the 1970s.
87% do not have access to basic sanitation. -
SIRIA
The Syrian civil war is a warlike conflict started in Syria after the 2011 anti-government protests that led to clashes between the country's Armed Forces and the so-called Syrian opposition, which includes several terrorist groups.
