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First Computer Game
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Beginning of Videogames' Creation
Academic computer scientists began designing simple games and simulations as part of their research or just for fun.
Can be divided into three categories: training and instructional programs, research programs in fields such as artificial intelligence, and demonstration programs intended to impress or entertain the public. -
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Some Videogames 1950´s
Two custom built machines called Bertie the Brain and Nimrod, which played tic-tac-toe and the game of Nim, 1952, a checkers program and a tic-tac-toe program called OXO on the EDSAC, Tennis for Two in 1958 on an analog computer with graphics displayed on an oscilloscope. -
Tennis for Two
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SpaceWar!
Most popular´s old video game and considered the first one for the industry, created in 1962 in the computer PDP-1, at the Lincoln Laboratory at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) by Steve Rusell and other 5 students, Spacewar! was inspired by the science fiction stories of E. E. Smith and depicted a duel between two spaceship. -
SpaceWar!
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The Commercialization of VideoGames and the start of the industry
Galaxy Game and Computer Space were a space combat arcade game developed in 1971,1972 derivated from SpaceWar! Created by Bill Pits and Hugh Tuck and the second one by Nolan Bushnell and Ted Dabney (Atari), Galaxy Game as the first arcade game machine, Computer Space as the first commercially available video game. The first home-console of videogames was The Magnavox Odyssey(by Ralph Baer), in 1972, These games were activated using plug-in circuit cards that defined how the spots generated. -
Galaxy Game (Arcade Coin-Machine)
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Computer Space (Arcade Coin-Machine)
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Pong
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The Magnavox Odyssey, the first home console
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First Generation of Home-Consoles
Companies like Atari, Coleco and Magnavox release some videogames Home-Consoles (with the new technology of microships) in this period like Atari 2600, Telstar Console and Odyssey 100 and 200. -
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Early Arcade Videogames and the start of first companies
First videogame of Atari was Pong created by Allan Alcorn in 1972, then they produce a lot of arcade coin-machines at end of 1974 there were near of 100 thousand of machines only in USA, with a huge successful, that generates more than 250 millions of dollars annually, this makes the born of the videogames industry. -
Magnavox's Odyssey game console
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Second Generation of Consoles
Focus in the home shifted to the new programmable systems, in which game data was stored on ROM-based cartridges. Magnavox joined the programmable market in 1978 with the Odyssey2, while toy company Mattel released the Intellivision in 1979. the ColecoVision, that featured arcade game Donkey Kong. Coleco sold out its entire run of 550,000 units in the 1982 holiday season as overall U.S. video game sales reached $2.1 billion, which represented 31% of the dollar volume of the entire toy industry. -
Atari 2600 o VCS
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Space Invaders
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Golden Age of Videogames
In Japan of 1978 Toshihiro Nishikado with new technology in microprocessors creates Space Invaders for the company Taito, having a lot of successful all over the world, and one of the most famous videogames ever. Other famous games in history are Pac Man (1980-NAMCO) and Donkey Kong (1981-Nintendo). The incomes increase from 1978 (308 million of dollars) to 1982 (7.7 billion of dollars). -
Intellivision home console system
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First Portable Console: Nintendo Game and Watch
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Videogame Crash of 1983 (Crisis)
Known as the Atari shock in Japan, The crash was attributed to several factors, including market saturation in the number of game consoles and available games(clons and copyes), and waning interest in console games in favor of personal computers. Revenues peaked at around $3.2 billion in 1983, then fell to around $100 million by 1985 (a drop of almost 97 percent). -
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Third Generation Consoles (8 Bit)
Whilst a broken gaming industry in the US took several local businesses to bankruptcy and practically ended retail interest in video gaming products, an 8-bit third generation of video game consoles started in Japan as early as 1983 with the release of both Nintendo's Family Computer ("Famicom")and Sega's SG-1000 on July15. Nintendo created a completely redesigned version of it, called the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) (1995)reviving the video game market. -
The Nintendo Entertainment System (NES)
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Third Generation of Consoles
The third console generation marked the debut of various high-profile role-playing franchises,such as The Legend of Zelda, Dragon Quest, Phantasy Star and Final Fantasy,the latter of which financially saved Japanese developer Square.1987 saw the birth of the stealth genre with Hideo Kojima’s Metal Gear series' first game,on the MSX2 computer. In 1989,Capcom released Sweet Home on the NES, which served as a precursor to the survival horror genre. The gamepad become as the default game controller. -
TurboGrafx-16 (The PC Engine)
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Fourth Generation Consoles (16-Bit)
The TurboGrafx-16, named the PC Engine in Europe and Japan, debuted in 1987 as the first commercial 16-bit game system.Sega's Mega Drive/Genesis sold well worldwide early on after its debut in 1988. Nintendo responded with its own next generation system named the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES),in 1990. CD-ROM drives were introduced in this generation,as add-ons for the PC Engine in 1988 and the Mega Drive in 1991.Revival of handheld consoles with Game Boy (Pokémon Red and Blue). -
Nintendo GameBoy
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SNES Super Nintendo
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Fifth Generation of Consoles (32 and 64-Bit)
This era basic 3D graphics entered. and gave rise to several genres of video games including first-person shooter,real-time strategy, MMO. Decline of arcades. Companies as Sony developed the PlayStation(1994). Famous games been created like Mortal Kombat, DOOM. Nintendo released its 64-bit console, the Nintendo 64 in 1996(Super Mario 64). Mobile phones began becoming video gaming platforms when Nokia installed Snake onto its line of mobile phones in 1997 (Nokia 6110). Square makes GameCube(2003) -
PlayStation 1 (PS1) (SONY)
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Fifth Generation of Consoles
in 1996 Capcom released Resident Evil, the first well known survival horror game. It was a huge success selling over 2 million copies and is considered one of the best games on the PlayStation.Also creates Street Fighter, Mega Man, Devil May Cry. began to move traditionally 2D and pseudo-3D genres into full 3D. Super Mario 64 and The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time on the N64,Crash Bandicoot, and Spyro the Dragon on the PlayStation.Devices using memory cards similar to Secure Digital (SD)cards. -
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Sixth Generation of Consoles
In the sixth generation of video game consoles, Sega exited the hardware market, Nintendo fell behind, Sony solidified its lead in the industry, and Microsoft developed their first gaming console. Sony's PlayStation 2 (PS2) in 2000, which featured DVD-based game discs with 4.7GB capacity, increased processor and better graphics ability , built-in 4-player connection. Microsoft enter in videogames business with Xbox 2001,based on Intel's Pentium III CPU. -
PlayStation 2 PS2 (SONY)
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Seventh generation consoles (2005–present)
In console gaming, Microsoft stepped forward first in November 2005 with the Xbox 360, and Sony followed in 2006 with the PlayStation 3.both featured high-definition graphics over HDMI connections, large hard disk-based secondary storage for save games and downloaded content, integrated networking, and a companion on-line gameplay and sales platform, with Xbox Live and the PlayStation Network respectively. -
Seventh generation consoles (2005–present)
The generation opened early for handheld consoles, as Nintendo introduced their Nintendo DS and Sony premiered the PlayStation Portable (PSP) within a month of each other in 2004. While the PSP boasted superior graphics and power, following a trend established since the mid-1980s, Nintendo gambled on a lower-power design but featuring a novel control interface. -
Cloud computing comes to games
a few cloud computing services were announced targeted at video games. These services allow the graphics rendering of the video games to be done away from the end user, and a video stream of the game to be passed to the user. OnLive allows the user to communicate with their servers where the video game rendering is taking place. -
Sixth Generation of Consoles(New era of Mobile games)
Debut of app stores Apple and Google, plus the low-cost retail price of downloadable phone apps, games available on smartphones increasingly rival the video game console market. the most successful mobile games of this period is Angry Birds, which, released in 2009. Another famous games are Clash of Clans, Pokémon Go, Free Fire, etc... -
Eighth generation of consoles (2011–present)
The Nintendo 3DS is a handheld video game console. Released in Japan in 2011. It uses autostereoscopic 3D to produce a 3D effect on-screen.On January 27, 2011,the PlayStation Vita. Nintendo releases The Wii U in 2011.Sony the PlayStation 4 in 2013, feature compatibility with the x86 architecture, specifically x86-64, which is a widely used platform common in many modern PCs. Microsoft The Xbox One in 2013-2014. Oculus Rift 2016(Virtual Reality).Those videogames are the most modern until now.
