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nearly one in five children between the ages of 10 to 16 worked rathetr than attending school
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socialismspread throughout europe an economic and political philosophy that favors public instead of private, control of property and income
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china and eastern europe experienced repeated wars and political revolutions
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inventor samuel morse perfected telegraph technology, or the process of sending messages over wire
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pennsylvania congressman david wilmot proposed an amendment or proviso to an appropriations bill
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lincoln served one term in the house of representatives and then returned to his law practice in springfield
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elisha otis developed a safetor that would not fall if the lifting rope broke
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california applied to enter the union as a free state , threatening the balance of power between southern concerns, congress debated and then passed the compromise of 1850
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southern proslavery forces attacked the free-state town of lawrence, kansas. they looted homes , burned down the hotel, and destroyed the presses of the kansas free state newspaper.
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a controversial supreme court decision widened the growing divisions over slavery. dred scott, an enslaved african american from missouri, had sued for his freedom in 1846.although he dosent win because the court believes that he is not a citizen so he shouldnt even be here. in the end he was a nessary link in the chain of events prepatory to the complete overthrow the whole slave system
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rowland h macy opene he called a department store in new york
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biologist charles darwin published on the origin of species , arguing that animals evolved by a process of natural selection and that only the fittest survived to reproduce.
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meeting in charleston withour a dissenting vote , the convention declared that the union now subsisting between south carolina and the other states under the name of the us of america is herby dissolved
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the seven seceding states established the confederate states of america
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ab lincoln was sworn in as president
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the united states of america and the confrederate states of america faced each other in the bloody civil war
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confederate attack on fort sumter, south carolina the civil war began after the attack
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president lincoln declared that insurrection existed and called for 75,000 volunteers to fight against the confederacy
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the union navy had outifitted and launched more than250 warships and was constructing dozens more
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homestead act and aid from railroad companies made western farmland inexpensive
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offer of free land brings settlers to the great plains
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emancipation proclamation declared that all persons held as slaves within any state or designated part of a state the people wherof shall then be in rebellion against the us shall be the thenceforward and forever free
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the most severe rioting took place in new york city when congress passed draft law requiring all males between 20-45 to serve in the military , many males got made because wealthy men could pay not to go
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union troops defeated lee at the town of gettysburg
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abraham lincoln was assassinated , meaning andrew johnson became president
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the civil war ends with the union victory
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this amendment ended slavery
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LEE SURRENDERS
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horatio alger published his first novel ragged dick or street life in new york, this wildly successful novel told the story of a poor boy who rose to wealth and fame by working hard
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uriah smith stephens founded a labor union called the knights of labor
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the number of newspapers increaded from about 600 to more than 1,600
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many big cities had department stores jordan marsh in boston , marshall field in chicago and wanamakers in philadelphia
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irish and germans wern ere joined by new immigrants from southern and eastern europe
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the number of corporations in america increased dramatically
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troops were withdrawn from the south
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inventor thomas edison supported by wealthy industrialists like jp morgan established a research laboratory at menlo park , new jersey
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heyes won the election of 1876
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factory owners seeking to maximize profits employed people who would work for low wages
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farmers had a difficult time in mexico poland and china land reform and low prices forced many farmers off theirland
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they fled religious persecution and came to the us to achieve a better life
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business mergers created powerful empires for those who invested in steel, railroads, meat, farm equipment, sugar, lumber, and a number of other enterprises
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only two rail lines frim texas to chicago and from tennessee to washington D.C. linked southern freight to northern markets
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in 1881 alone nearly three quarters of a million immigrants arrived in america
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lamarcus thompson opened the world first roller coaster
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teams sometimes included african american players after the chicago white stockings refused to play against a team that had a black player, separate african american teams emerged
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the united states senate created the interstate commerce commission to oversee railroad operations
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richmond virginai introduces a revolutionary invention streetcars powered y overhead electric cables
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many rural to urban migrates moved to citites
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the senate passed the shermedaed in restraintn antitrust act which outlawed any truset that operated inor commerce among the several stat restraint of trade
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social workers began to lobby to get children out of factories and into child care or schools
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some urban areas had a population that was more than 40 percent foreign born
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in new york there were six italian language papers , each sold 10,000 copies daily