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Creation of the 13th Ammendment
This was an amendment that was passed in order to abolish slavery in the U.S and helped give black Americans more freedom as they were not owned by a master anymore. -
Creation of the 14th Ammendment
On this day, the 14th Amendment was passed and it stated how it was unethical and wrongful of states to disregard the freedom and rights of other citizens. This allowed for people to become freer until segregation of the black people began, leading to the Civil Rights Act to solve this problem in the long run. -
Creation of the 15th Ammendment
This amendment was passed and helped in proving more freedom to African Americans by giving them the rights to vote. This idea was proposed by Lyndon B. Johnson as he wanted to overcome all legal barriers on a local and state level. -
Tuskegee Institute
This was a university founded by Booker T. Washington, that was created in Alabama and aimed at providing higher education to African Americans. The establishment of this school had an impact on society by helping decrease the racism/discrimination against African Americans. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
This was a court case that was first caused by the passing of the Separate Car Act in 1892. The black and white Americans had different types of cars that they each had to take. Plessy was frustrated by this act and decided to sit in a car meant for White Americans. He refused to leave the seat and was arrested later, leading to this court case. In this case, the judges established the “separate but equal” idealogy explaining how the African Americans are free but are also separate too. -
NAACP
The NAACP was an organization created in New York that aimed at ending racial discrimination in America and ensure the health of each person in the nation. In addition, the organization focuses on certain topics such as education, public safety, and voting rights. The NAACP played a huge role during the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s. It had impacted society leading to many victories such as Brown v. Board of Education which had outlawed segregation in public schools. -
Creation of the 19th Ammendment
On this day, the 19th Amendment was passed which gave the right to vote for women. The unequal rights due to different genders caused women to fight for this and it still continued even after the amendment was passed(the women suffrage movement). After this amendment was established and passed through Congress, it led to society to see women as powerful and hard workers. It gave women that were US citizens a new look towards male U.S. citizens. -
Executive Order 9981
In 1948, President Truman signed this order in order to end racial segregation in the armed forces and allowed a more diverse military fighting for the U.S. This Order helped make the armed forces more accessible to the people and allowed African Americans to join the army. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
This was a court case that overruled the Plessy vs Fergusen case of “separate but equal”. The case, which took place in 1954, focused on ending racial segregation in schools and help in ending the Jim Crow Laws and the segregation of the people. It was taken place in Kansas. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This was an effect from the Rosa Park issue where she was arrested for not getting up when told to by a white individual. The boycott was a period of time where the black people avoided using the buses in Alabama and this lead to less money earned by the bus company. This began the fight for civil rights for the African Americans. -
Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine were a group of African Americans who enrolled at a formally all-white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. This group of African Americans angered many Americans, causing them to racially discriminate and even led to international attention. This brave group of African American students affected the Civil Rights Movement, causing education equity for all races. -
Freedom Riders
The Freedom Rides were political protests against segregation by blacks and whites who rode buses together through the American South in 1961. This also put a great deal of pressure on the federal government to get involved. The Freedom Riders inspired African Americans all around the country. When whites in the North saw the violence used against the Freedom riders, they turned against the segregationists in the South. -
March on Washington: “I have a dream” speech
Both events occured on the same day. The march on Washington occured in Washington DC as the African Americans marched to advocate for civil and economic rights for the black society. This march was part of the speech given by Martin Luther King Jr, known as "I have a dream". The speech discussed how African Americans deserve freedom and need to be more free and have more jobs in order to create an equal nation. This speech led to the creation of the Civil Rights Act. -
Creation of the 24th Ammendment
This amendment was ratified in 1964 and stated how people did no longer need to pay a poll tax, a fee required to vote earlier. This helped make voting more accessible to a wide variety of people. -
March from Selma Alabama
This was a march where black individuals marched from Selma, Alabama to Montgomery, Alabama in order to exercise their right for voting and to gain more freedom for the black society. The March from Selma Alabama allowed African Americans to later participate in politics and the government. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This is a federal piece of legislation, signed by LBJ, that allowed African Americans to vote in the U.S. In addition to this, it also stated how a literacy test was no longer required in order to vote for a candidate. This helped in making the process of voting more accessible to others. -
Chicano Movement
The Chicano Movement was a Civil Rights movement for Mexican-American empowerment led by Cesar Chavez and Dolores Huerta. Mexican Americans, known as Chicanos, often faced discrimination and racism in the US. The Chicano Movement focused on political rights and farmworkers' voting. This movement created less discrimination against Mexican Americans and they gained so much more success and equality in the US. -
Black Panthers
A brand new organization created in 1966 by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in California. The goal of the new organization was to help end racial discrimination and support black nationalism in America in order to solve reoccurring issues regarding African Americans. As a united community, the black Americans worked closely with the Black Panthers in order to create goals and helped in achieving freedom. The actions of the Black Panthers caused many divisions in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Thurgood Marshall appointed to the Supreme Court
On 10/02/1967, Thurgood Marshall was appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to be the first Supreme Court Judge chosen as an African American. Thurgood Marshall worked as a lawyer for this group to protect the civil rights of African Americans. Because Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court, it led to more African Americans to participate and work in the government by being lawyers, judges, etc. -
MLK Assasination
On this day in Memphis, TN, an individual known as James Earl Ray murdered MLK from a balcony as MLK was protesting for better working conditions and higher wages for the African Americans in his hotel, Lorraine Motel. This marked a special event in history where African Americans fought for their rights in a time of tension in America.
