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There were many causes of the civil war, including differences between northern and southern states on the idea of slavery, as well as trade, tariffs, and states rights.
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encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land, stay 5 years.
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FREE (abolished slavery)
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Reconstruction refers to the period following the Civil War of rebuilding the United States.
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CITIZENS (equal rigths)
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signaling the completion of the first transcontinental railroad in the United States.
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included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power
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VOTE (all men)
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"Boss" Tweed—was an American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall
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Alexander Graham Bell was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator who is credited with patenting the first practical telephone
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With the compromise, the Republicans had quietly given up their fight for racial equality and blacks' rights in the south.
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local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States
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this period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath
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The Light Bulb & Thomas Edison. Perhaps one of the most important inventions of all time is the electric light bulb.
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Fleeing crop failure, land and job shortages, rising taxes, and famine, many came to the U. S. because it was perceived as the land of economic opportunity.
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This act provided an absolute 10-year moratorium on Chinese labor immigration.
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it stopped the appointment of people to governmental offices merely because of their political affiliation or their connection to the president.
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intended to turn Native Americans into farmers and landowners providing family with free land
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The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.
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"The Gospel of Wealth", is an article written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy
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Settlement houses, especially in the United States and Canada, were especially important in serving immigrants who came to the cities in great numbers for work.
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A rush of thousands of people in the 1890s toward the Klondike gold mining district in northwestern Canada after gold was discovered there.
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A federal law passed in 1890 that committed the American government to opposing monopolies.
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Studies among the Tenements of New York
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a revolutionary analysis of the importance of naval power as a factor in the rise of the British Empire.
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Progressive movement were eliminating problems caused by industrialization, urbanization, immigration, and corruption in government.
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Imperialism is an action that involves a nation extending its power by the acquisition of inhabited territory.
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Homestead Massacre, was an industrial lockout and strike which began on June 30, 1892
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George Pullman increased working hours, cut wages and cut jobs.The workers protested and started the Pullman Strike
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Supreme Court held that the state of Louisiana did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment by establishing and enforcing a policy of racial segregation in its railway system.
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Spurred by the nationalism aroused by the Spanish-American War, the United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 at the urging of President William McKinley.
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A war between Spain and the United States, fought in 1898. The war began as an intervention by the United States on behalf of Cuba.
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the protection of equal privileges among countries trading with China and in support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity.
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'I killed President McKinley because I done my duty,' he explained without emotion. 'I didn't believe one man should have so much service and another man should have none.'
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Political Party: Republican + Progressive "Bull Moose" party
Domestic Policies: Square Deal (3's)- Trust Buster, Nature conservation -
achieved the first sustained flight of a heavier-than-air machine
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Sinclair wrote the novel to portray the harsh conditions and exploited lives of immigrants in the United States
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For preventing the manufacture, sale, or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors
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considered to be the first motor vehicle successfully mass-produced on an assembly line.
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to fight prejudice, lynching, and Jim Crow segregation, and to work for the betterment of "people of color."
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Political Party: Republican
Domestic Policies:Tried 3'CS but wasn't good
passed 16th/17th amendments -
Income tax allows for the federal government to keep an army, build roads and bridges, enforce laws and carry out other important duties.
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It was created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system.
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Political Party: Democrat
Domestic Policy: Clayton Anti-Trust Act, National Parks Service, Federal Reserve act, 18th amendment and 19th amendment -
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote.
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In an event that is widely acknowledged to have sparked the outbreak of World War I, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, nephew of Emperor Franz Josef and heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, is shot to death along with his wife
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Trench warfare is a type of land warfare using occupied fighting lines consisting largely of military trenches, in which troops are well-protected from the enemy's small arms fire and are substantially sheltered from artillery.
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The United States entered the war because of the Germans' decision to resume the policy of unrestricted submarine warfare, and the so-called "Zimmerman telegram,"
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British ocean liner Lusitania is torpedoed without warning by a German submarine off the south coast of Ireland.
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agency of the United States federal government that manages all national parks, many national monuments, and other conservation and historical properties
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a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the prior event of the United States entering World War I
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They were led by Vladimir Lenin and believed that the new Russian government should be a Marxist (communist) government.
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President Woodrow Wilson went before a joint session of Congress to request a declaration of war against Germany.
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a part of the final Allied offensive of World War I. It was one of the attacks that brought an end to the War
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an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a certain time; a truce.
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The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I.
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most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
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prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States
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womens suffrage
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Harding's promise was to return the United States prewar mentality, without the thought of war tainting the minds of the American people.
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redefine how Americans and the world understood African American culture. It integrated black and white cultures, and marked the beginning of a black urban society.
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Communists in the U.S. became known as the Red Scare. (Communists were often referred to as “Reds” for their allegiance to the red Soviet flag.)
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The Roaring Twenties was a time when many people defied Prohibition, indulged in new styles of dancing and dressing, and rejected many traditional moral standards.
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The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States
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In the years following the death of Vladimir Lenin in 1924, Stalin rose to become the leader of the Soviet Union.
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The trial of John Scopes, a high school teacher in Tennessee, for teaching the theory of evolution in violation of state law.
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autobiographical book by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.
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he became the first man to successfully fly an airplane across the Atlantic Ocean. He called his airplane the Spirit of St. Louis,
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Seven men are killed in a garage on the North side of Chicago.
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A stock market crash is a sudden dramatic decline of stock prices across a significant cross-section of a stock market, resulting in a significant loss of paper wealth.
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A "Hooverville" was a shanty town built during the Great Depression by the homeless in the United States of America.
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Adolf Hitler, already chancellor, is also elected president of Germany in an unprecedented consolidation of power in the short history of the republic
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The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) was a United States federal law of the New Deal era designed to boost agricultural prices by reducing surpluses.
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an independent federal agency insuring deposits in U.S. banks and thrifts in the event of bank failures.
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budgeted several billion dollars to be spent on the construction of public works as a means of providing employment, stabilizing purchasing power, improving public welfare, and contributing to a revival of American
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the mass murder of Jews under the German Nazi regime during the period 1941–45. More than 6 million European Jews, as well as members of other persecuted groups, such as gypsies and homosexuals, were murdered at concentration camps such as Auschwitz
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led the US through the Great Depression and World War II, greatly expanding the powers of the federal government through a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal.
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A group of government programs and policies established under President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1930s; the New Deal was designed to improve conditions for persons suffering in the Great Depression.
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an area of land where vegetation has been lost and soil reduced to dust and eroded, especially as a consequence of drought or unsuitable farming practice.
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social programs covering disability, retirement and survivors' benefits. It was created in 1935 by President Franklin D. Roosevelt
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was an episode of mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against the residents of Nanjing
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Jewish shops were sacked and looted, and tens of thousands of Jews were removed to concentration camps.
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The significance of this invasion is hard to overstate since this invasion is what started World War II.
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Treaty of Versailles. Japanese Expansion. Appeasement. Great Depression.
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"Blitzkrieg" (lightning war) tactics required the concentration of offensive weapons (such as tanks, planes, and artillery) along a narrow front.
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The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service
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the popular name of a group of African-American military pilots (fighter and bomber) who fought in World War II.
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speakers specially recruited during World War II by the Marines to serve in their standard communications units in the Pacific Theater.
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a controversial World War II policy with lasting consequences for Japanese Americans.
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Bataan Death March refers to the forced march of of USA soldiers taken prisoners by Japanese in Philippines.
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during World War II, the Allied invasion of western Europe
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law passed in 1944 that provided educational and other benefits for people who had served in the armed forces in World War II.
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United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945
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the day on which Imperial Japan surrendered in World War II, in effect ending the war
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Soviet soldiers were the first to liberate concentration camp prisoners in the final stages of the war.
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mark the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces. It thus marked the end of World War II in Europe.
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The Nuremberg trials were a series of military tribunals held by the Allied forces under international law and the laws of war after World War II.
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Roosevelt also sought to convince the public that an international organization was the best means to prevent future wars
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After its unconditional surrender, Germany was divided into four zones of Allied military occupation: American, French, British, and Soviet.
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Truman became the 33rd president. In his first months in office he dropped the atomic bomb on Japan, ending World War II.
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a temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II.
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foreign policy whose stated purpose was to counter Soviet geopolitical expansion during the Cold War.
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It was under Mao Zedong's control in 1927. Eventually, Mao led a revolution, and the communist party obtained control in 1947.
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US president can only serve two terms in office
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US and the USSR were the world's strongest nations. They were called superpowers. They had different ideas about economics and government. They fought a war of ideas called the Cold War
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proposed that the United States provide economic assistance to restore the economic infrastructure of postwar Europe.
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Truman, however, did not want to cause World War III. Instead, he ordered a massive airlift of supplies into West Berlin.
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Palestinian conflict began with the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948. This conflict came from the intercommunal violence in Mandatory Palestine between Israelis and Arab
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is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European countries based on the North Atlantic Treaty
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Prior to Kim's invasion of the South in 1950, which triggered the Korean War
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divide the two countries.
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Douglas MacArthur's belief that China would not openly enter the war, and vastly expanded the conflict.
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The war began on 25 June 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea following a series of clashes along the border.
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The United States was the world's strongest military power. Its economy was booming new cars, suburban houses and other consumer goods–were available to more people than ever before.
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they were accused of heading a spy ring that passed top-secret information concerning the atomic bomb to the Soviet Union.
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was designed to "insure a complete cessation of hostilities and of all acts of armed force in Korea until a final peaceful settlement is achieved."
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Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was an American Army general and statesman who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
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devoted to protecting the rights of citizens, but also expanding them.
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decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial and national groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
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declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
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succeeded in reuniting North and South Vietnam under communist rule. Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, was renamed Ho Chi Minh City after it fell to the communists
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an incident that happened in Vietnamese water (3 imaginary shots) the outcome was the resolution that allowed the president to send troops (60 days) w/o approval from congress
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'The Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation and Mutual Assistance'.
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It was developed by Jonas Salk and came into use in 1955. The oral polio vaccine was developed by Albert Sabin and came into commercial use in 1961.
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Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger
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13-month mass protest that ended with the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that segregation on public buses is unconstitutional.
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The US got involved in the Vietnam War because it did not want another country going to communism
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The law authorized the construction of a 41,000-mile network of interstate highways that would span the nation.
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"I Was the One" was released, giving Elvis a nationwide breakthrough.
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The Sputnik 1 spacecraft was the first artificial satellite successfully placed in orbit around the Earth
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"At that time, you not only couldn't show a toilet, you couldn't show a bathroom on television. It was prohibited."
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Act marked the first occasion since Reconstruction that the federal government undertook significant legislative action to protect civil rights.
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a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School
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In 1960, John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon squared off in the first televised presidential debates in American history.
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the Chicano artists instead painted on neighborhood buildings, schools, and churches.
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Cuban exiles launched what became a botched invasion at the Bay of Pigs on the south coast of Cuba.
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providing technical assistance, helping people outside the United States to understand American culture
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protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts
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the policy protecting members of a disadvantaged group
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JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States
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dangerous confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War and was the moment when the two superpowers came closest to nuclear conflict.
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in Rogers, Arkansas. The Walton family owns 24 stores, ringing up $12.7 million in sales.
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John F. Kennedy was assassinated as he rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas.
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facing serious criminal charges have a right to counsel at state expense if they cannot afford one.
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"segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever."
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often seen as the beginning of the Women's Liberation Movement.
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The march was successful in pressuring the administration of John F. Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill
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Lyndon Baines Johnson, often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States
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The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice.
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criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment.
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ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin
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poll taxes abolished
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This conflict came from the intercommunal violence in Mandatory Palestine between Israelis and Arabs
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President Lyndon B. Johnson, aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote
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Malcolm X was shot to death by Nation of Islam members while speaking at a rally of his organization in New York City.
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decided to strike against grape growers in Delano, California, to protest years of poor pay and working conditions
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"You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to speak to an attorney, and to have an attorney present during any questioning.
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Lyndon Johnson appoints U.S. Court of Appeals Judge Thurgood Marshall to fill the seat of retiring Supreme Court Associate Justice Tom C. Clark.
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Egypt believed the deployment had prevented an Israeli attack on Syria, and it was thus possible to deter Israel with the mere deployment of forces, without the danger of going to war.
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a secret attack of the north Vietnamese during the holiday (new years)
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American clergyman and civil rights leader, was fatally shot at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee
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horrific incidents of violence committed against villagers during the Vietnam War. A company of American soldiers brutally killed most of the people—women, children and old men
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group of students decided to wear black armbands to school to protest the war in Vietnam.
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Their idea was to make enough money from the event to build a recording studio near the arty New York town of Woodstock.
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birthdays that would be chosen in the first Vietnam draft lottery
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They gained national notoriety after the murder of actress Sharon Tate and four others
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Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans on the Moon.
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Richard Nixon administration to end U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War through a program to "expand, equip, and train South Vietnamese forces
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Nixon stepped down in 1974, halfway through his second term, rather than face impeachment over his efforts to cover up illegal activities
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Nixon believed North Vietnam was transporting troops and supplies through neighboring Cambodia into South Vietnam.
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students protesting the bombing of Cambodia by United States military. Guardsmen shot and killed four students
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protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress.
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secret Pentagon report began to surface in The New York Times calling the Vietnam War's validity into question.
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The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote
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a period of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union
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He was awarded the 2002 Nobel Peace Prize for work to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development.
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"No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance."
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his strong anti-communist stance. Despite this, in 1972 Nixon became the first U.S. president to visit mainland China while in office.
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Richard Nixon that led to his resignation. In June 1972, burglars in the pay of Nixon's campaign committee broke into offices of the Democratic party.
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federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.
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Roe, a Texas resident, sought to terminate her pregnancy by abortion. Texas law prohibited abortions except to save the pregnant woman's life
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the conservation of species that are endangered or threatened throughout all or a significant portion of their range
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Motorola was the first company to produce a handheld mobile phone. On April 3, 1973,
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Arab oil producers declared an embargo that drastically limited the shipment of oil to the United States.
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Court case which resulted in a unanimous decision against President Richard Nixon, ordering him to deliver tape recordings
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Nixon's resignation, pardons his predecessor for his involvement in the Watergate scandal. Congress had accused Nixon of obstruction of justice during the investigation of the Watergate scandal
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took office on August 9, 1974, following the resignation of President Richard Nixon (1913-1994), who left the White House in disgrace over the Watergate scandal. Ford became the first unelected president in the nation's history.
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Microsoft was founded on April 4, 1975, by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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gun control
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capture of Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam, by the People's Army of North Vietnam
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In 1975, the 20-year-old Jobs and Wozniak set up shop in Jobs' parents' garage, dubbed the venture Apple, and began working on the prototype of the Apple I.
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with the intention of encouraging depository institutions to help meet the credit needs of surrounding communities (particularly low and moderate income neighborhoods).
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signed by President Jimmy Carter, Egyptian President Anwar Sadat, and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin in September 1978, established a framework for a historic peace treaty
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Egypt and Israel, after having fought four wars since 1948, concluded a formal peace treaty.
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a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States. Fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days
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It was launched with the charge that the seminaries and denominational agencies were dominated by liberals.
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federal government's campaign of prohibition of drugs, military aid, and military intervention, with the stated aim being to reduce the illegal drug trade.
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HIV usually is spread from person to person through contact with infected sexual secretions or blood
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Ronald Reagan nominated her to the U.S. Supreme Court. She received unanimous Senate approval, and made history as the first woman justice to serve on the nation's highest court.
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an economic theory that advocates reducing taxes on businesses and the wealthy in society as a means to stimulate business investment in the short term and benefit society at large in the long term.
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President Ronald Reagan helped redefine the purpose of government and pressured the Soviet Union to end the Cold War.
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Americans were devastated by the news of a massive terrorist attack in Lebanon that killed 241 American servicemembers.
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President Ronald Reagan's administration supplied weapons to Iran¹ — a sworn enemy — in hopes of securing the release of American hostages
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American syndicated tabloid talk show that aired nationally for 25 seasons from September 8
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a line from a speech made by US President Ronald Reagan in West Berlin on June 12, 1987
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The shredding of the Iron Curtain. The end of the Cold War.
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President Ronald Reagan brought down the wall. “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down this wall!” — led to the wall's fall in 1989
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George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993.
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the Communist Party in East Germany began to lose its grip on power. Tens of thousands of East Germans began to flee the nation, and by late 1989 the Berlin Wall started to come down.
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Iraq was accusing Kuwait of stealing Iraqi petroleum through slant drilling
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international conflict that was triggered by Iraq's invasion of Kuwait. A conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations mandated by the United Nations and led by the United States.
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operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm
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the victim of Los Angeles Police Department brutality, after a videotape was released of several police officers beating him during his arrest
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Its collapse was hailed by the west as a victory for freedom, a triumph of democracy over totalitarianism, and evidence of the superiority of capitalism over socialism.
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42nd U.S. president, who served during the longest peacetime economic expansion. Clinton was the second president to be impeached.I did not have sexual relations with that woman
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the Contract was seen as a triumph by party leaders such as Minority Whip Newt Gingrich, Dick Armey, and the American conservative movement in general.
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an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States and entered into force on 1 January 1994 in order to establish a trilateral trade bloc in North America.
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The former NFL player was sentenced in 2008 to nine to 33 years in prison for charges including kidnapping, armed robbery and assault with a deadly weapon.
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Bill Clinton, charging him with lying under oath to a federal grand jury and obstructing justice. Clinton, the second president in American history to be impeached,
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Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Interfere and Obstruct Terrorism
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United States and some of its allies to counter international terrorism; also called war on terrorism. Homeland Security is the department created to fight the war on terror.
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four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States
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began in 2001 after the September 11 attacks. United States and NATO coalition forces attacked Taliban and Al Qaeda forces. As of 2014, United States personnel are withdrawing from the country, ending over a decade of fighting.
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George W. Bush, America's 43rd President (2001-2009), was transformed into a wartime President in the aftermath of the airborne terrorist attacks on September 11
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mission will use the next generation of science and landing technology to collect rock samples for possible return by a future mission.
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The Iraq War was a protracted armed conflict that began in 2003 with the invasion of Iraq by a United States-led coalition that overthrew the government of Saddam Hussein.
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American online social media and social networking service company
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Hurricane Katrina was an extremely destructive and deadly tropical cyclone
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Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi
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Jobs announced that the first iPhone would be released
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To preserve and create jobs and promote economic recovery.
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she became the first American first lady to ever win a public office seat.
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President Barack Obama nominated Sotomayor to the Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice David Souter. the first Hispanic Justice and third woman on the U.S. Supreme Court.
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the first African-American to hold this office
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a fruit vendor set himself on fire in protest in front of a government building. ... Within days, protests started popping up across the country
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Osama bin Laden, the mastermind behind the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks in the United States, is killed by U.S. forces
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goal of reducing space transportation costs and enabling the colonization of Mars.
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Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.
