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Bolshevik Revolution
The Red Guards and other revolutionary groups on the night of Nov. 6-7 moved under the orders of the Soviet's Military Revolutionary Committee. They seized post and telegraph offices, electric works, railroad stations, and the state bank. Once the shot rang out from the Battleship Aurora, the thousands of people in the Red Guard stormed the Winter Palace. -
Paris Peace Conference
The Paris Peace Conference was an international meeting convened in January 1919 at Versailles just outside Paris. The purpose of the meeting was to establish the terms of the peace after World War. Thirty nations participated, the representatives of Great Britain, France, the United States, and Italy became known as the “Big Four.” The “Big Four” dominated the proceedings that led to the formulation of the Treaty of Versailles. Treaty of Versailles is a treaty that articulated the compromises r -
Treaty of Versailles Signed
The Treaty of Versailles included a plan to form a League of Nations that would serve as an international forum and an international collective security arrangement. Sir Harold Nicolson was a member of the British delegation to the Treaty of Versailles. He offers his observations of its signing on June 28, 1919 The End of One War, Prelude to the Next -
Benito Mussolini comes to power in Italy
Benito got his Blackshirts (fascist group) to go around Italy and cause chaos, while he said that the fighting must end. (Still, all along supporting these fascist groups). He threatened to make his Blackshirts march through Rome In a very unorganized march. The King thought of this as a solution instead of a threat. Mussolini sent a message to the King asking about the status in Italy. The King replied, "His Majesty the King asks you to come immediately to Rome for he wishes to offer you the re -
Washington Naval Conference
Between 1921 and 1922, the world’s largest naval powers gathered in Washington for a conference to discuss naval disarmament and ways to relieve growing tensions in East Asia. 1921, U.S. Secretary of State Charles Evans Hughes invited nine nations to Washington to discuss naval reductions and the situation in the Far East -
Rapallo Treaty
treaty between Germany and the Soviet Union, signed at Rapallo, Italy. Negotiated by Germany’s Walther Rathenau and the Soviet Union’s Georgy V. Chicherin, it reestablished normal relations between the two nations. The nations agreed to cancel all financial claims against each other, and the treaty strengthened their economic and military ties -
Beer Hall Putsch
during 8–9 November 1923. Around two-thousand men marched to the Centre of Munich and, in the ensuing confrontation with police forces; sixteen Nazis and four policemen were killed. -
Dawes Act
Under the Dawes Plan, Germany’s annual reparation payments would be reduced, increasing over time as its economy improved; the full amount to be paid, however, was left undetermined. The economic policy making in Berlin would be reorganized under foreign supervision and a new currency, the Reichsmark, adopted. France and Belgium would evacuate the Ruhr and foreign banks would loan the German government $200 million to help encourage economic stabilization -
Mein Kampf Published
Mein Kampf is published Volume One of Adolf Hitler's philosophical autobiography. It was a blueprint of his agenda for a Third Reich and a clear exposition of the nightmare that will envelope Europe from 1939 to 1945 -
Stalin comes to power in Russia
Joseph Stalin: was the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) from 1929 to 1953. Under Stalin, the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into an industrial and military superpower. He ruled by terror, and millions of his own citizens died during his brutal reign -
Stock Market Crash
a sudden dramatic decline of stock prices across a significant cross-section of a stock market, resulting in a significant loss of paper wealth. Crashes are driven by panic as much as by underlying economic factors. They often follow speculative stock market bubbles.
The crash signaled the beginning of the 10-year Great Depression that affected all Western industrialized countries. -
French begin constructing the Maginot line
a line of concrete fortifications, obstacles, and weapons installations that France constructed along its borders with Germany during the 1930s. The line was a response to France's experience in World War I and was constructed during the run-up to World War II. A similar line of defenses, called the Alpine Line, faced Italy. -
US Neutrality Acts
US Neutrality Acts- passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II -
Japan invades Manchuria
In 1931, the Japanese Kwangtung Army attacked Chinese troops in Manchuria in an event commonly known as the Manchurian Incident. Essentially, this was an attempt by the Japanese Empire to gain control over the whole province, in order to eventually encompass all of East Asia. This proved to be one of the causes of World War IIs -
Ukrainian Famine
At the same time the Soviet regime was dumping 1.7 million tons of grain on Western markets.
The famine was engineered by the Soviet regime. It was an act of genocide designed to undermine the social basis of Ukrainian national resistance. At the height of the Famine, Ukrainian villagers were dying at the rate of: 17 per minute, 1,000 per hour, 25,000 per day -
Hitler made chancellor of Germany
He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. -
Hitler declares himself Vice Chancellor and Fuhrer of Germany-
He was chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945 and dictator of Nazi Germany (as Führer und Reichskanzler) from 1934 to 1945. -
First concentration camps established
First concentration camps established- was the first of the Nazi concentration camps opened in Germany Opened in 1933 -
Night of Long Knives
Night of Long Knives- was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany between June 30 and July 2, 1934 -
Rape of Nanking
The Rape of Nanking, was mass murder and mass rape committed by Japanese troops against Nanking during the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937. Rape of Nanking- a bestselling 1997non-fiction book written by Iris Chang about the 1937–1938 Nanking Massacre, the massacre and atrocities committed by the Imperial Japanese Army after it captured Nanjing, then capital of China, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. It describes the events leading up to the Nanking Massacre and the atrocities that were com -
Stalin begins military purges and The Great Terror
1937-38 Stalin organized a series of show trials in which prominent officials and military officers were forced to admit to ludicrous accounts of treason. Soviet citizens were encouraged to denounce their neighbors. Many did in an effort to improve their chances of survival. Stalin consolidated his personal power by eliminating opponents -
Hitler invades Austria
March 15th 1938, Hitler entered Vienna in triumph. The pleasure of the huge crowds was difficult to disguise. Austria became part of the German Greater Reich; Schuschnigg was arrested and imprisoned and almost immediately the Austrian Jews lost their rights. -
Hitler invades the Sudetenland-
German speaking part of the country invaded in 1938. -
Nazi Final Solution Developed
From 1938 until June 1941Nazi Germany's plan during World War II to exterminate the Jewish people in German-occupied Europe, which resulted in the most deadly phase of the Holocaust, the destruction of Jewish communities in continental Europe. -
Munich Conference
29 September Here Hitler met with representatives of the heads of state from France, the United Kingdom, and Italy.
An agreement was reached that Hitler could annex the Sudetenland provided he promised not to invade anywhere else. All four countries signed the agreement -
Krystallnacht
Krystallnacht- was a pogrom (a series of coordinated attacks) against Jews throughout Nazi Germany and parts of Austria on 9–10 November 1938 -
Scandinavian Wars
Scandinavian wars- In 1939 they started fighting neutral countries -
Winter War between Finland and Russia
was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland in 1939–1940 -
Hitler conquers the rest of Czechoslovakia
German invades Czechoslovakia, taking full control over the nation after taking pieces as part of the Munich Pact. -
Enigma machine used in Britain
Enigma machine used in Britain- was any of a family of related electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines used in the twentieth century for enciphering and deciphering secret messages. -
Einstein writes a letter to FDR on the possibility of Atomic Weapons
Einstein writes a letter to FDR on the possibility of Atomic Weapons- August 2, 1939, the letter warned of the danger that Germany might develop atomic bombs and suggested that the United States should initiate its own nuclear program. -
Invasion of Poland
Germany invaded Poland. The Polish army was defeated within weeks of the invasion -
Britain and France declare war on Germany
Britain and France declare war on Germany- In September 1939 the declared war. -
Nazi Soviet Anti -Aggression Pact
a treaty signed by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union on September 28, 1939 after their joint invasion and occupation of Poland. -
Battle of Britain
air campaign waged by the German Air Force (Luftwaffe) against the United Kingdom during the summer and autumn of 1940 -
Winston Churchill Comes to power in England
the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1940 to 1945 and again from 1951 to 1955 -
Nazi occupation of Norway
Nazi occupation of Norway- with the German invasion of Norway on 9 April 1940 (really late April 8th 1940), and ended on 8 May 1945, after the capitulation of German forces in Europe. -
Defeat of French army by the Nazis-
also known as the Fall of France, was the successful German invasion of France and the Low Countries, beginning on 10 May 1940. -
Desert Campaigns in Africa Begin
Desert Campaigns in Africa Begin from 10 June 1940 to 13 May 1943. It included campaigns fought in the Libyan and Egyptian deserts -
Hitler launches Operation Barbarossa
Hitler launches Operation Barbarossa- beginning 22 June 1941, was the code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II -
Pearl Harbor-
The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on Sunday, December 7, 1941 brought the United States into World War II -
FDR signs Executive order 9066, beginning Japanese internment
FDR signs Executive order 9066, beginning Japanese internment- in 1942 shortly after Pearl Harbor FDR signed the order to put all Japanese Americans in War Camps. -
Manhattan Project Begins
Manhattan Project Begins- a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II -
Battle of Midway-
Battle of Midway- between 4 and 7 June 1942 decisively defeated an attack by the Imperial Japanese Navy inflicting irreparable damage on the Japanese fleet -
Nimitz and McArthur begin island hopping in the Pacific
Nimitz and McArthur begin island hopping in the Pacific- to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and instead concentrate the limited Allied resources on strategically important islands(1943-1945) -
D-Day
D-Day- were the landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy, in Operation Overlord, during World War II. The landings commenced on Tuesday, 6 June 1944 -
Operation Market Garden
Operation Market Garden- (17–25 September 1944) was an unsuccessful Allied military operation, fought in the Netherlands and Germany -
Battle of the Bulge-
Battle of the Bulge- (16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945) was a major German offensive campaign launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France and Luxembourg on the Western Front -
US victory at Iwo Jima
The Battle of Iwo Jima (19 February – 26 March 1945), or Operation Detachment, was a major battle in which the United States Armed Forces fought for and captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese Empire -
Death of FDR
Death of FDR- Cerebral hemorrhage, April 12, 1945 -
Surrender of Germany
Surrender of Germany- the German surrender to the Western Allies and the Soviet Union took place in late April and early May 1945. -
Hitler commits Suicide
Hitler Commits Suicide- Adolf Hitler committed suicide by gunshot on 30 April 1945 -
First successful test of atomic bomb-
First successful test of atomic bomb- the first detonation of a nuclear weapon, conducted by the United States Army on July 16, 1945 -
US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki-
US drops atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki- were conducted by the United States during the final stages of World War II, August 6 and 9, 1945 -
Surrender of Japan
Surrender of Japan- on September 2, 1945, brought the hostilities of World War II to a close
