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Civil Rights in Georgia
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White Primary is abolished in GA
The White Primary kept blacks from voting in Georgia even though they had the ‘right’ to vote. Yes, blacks were permitted to vote in elections, yet Georgia found a loophole. This loophole prohibited blacks from voting in primary elections, until the US Supreme Court said it was illegal. So, in 1946 blacks could vote for the first time in primary elections.
INFO:http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/
PICTURE:http://multimedia.dailyreportonline.com/120anniversary/images/1940/voting.jpg -
Integration of Armed Forces
President Truman signed an order abolishing segregation in the armed forces. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
This case all started out with a seven-year-old girl, Linda Brown. She was a black student who tried to register at a white-only school in Topeka, Kansas. Then, Brown’s father sued the Topeka Board of Education because they rejected her entry. When the case reached the Supreme Court, they said separate-but-equal schools were unconstitutional. Racial integration of schools was ordered with leisurely speed. In about sixty years, the ruling in the case was overturned at last. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
INFO: from the book
PICTURE: http://www.nathanielturner.com/images/New_Folder3/lingabrownchild.jpg -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks was a seamstress at a department store in Montgomery, Alabama. She was getting on a bus from a long day at work. She sat in the first row of the ‘colored section’ on the bus. The bus became crowded and some African-Americans were told to move to the back of the bus as whites came on. When one white came aboard, he wanted Parks’ seat, but she wouldn’t give it up. There was argument between the man and Rosa, yet Rosa wouldn’t budge. -
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
So, she was arrested for not giving up her seat on the bus. Later on, MLK and others, like Rosa Parks, boycotted the public transporation system in Montgomery, Alabama known as the Montegomery Bus Boycott.
INFO: http://www.ushistory.org/us/54b.asp
PICTURE:http://unit8juliav11.wikispaces.com/file/view/bus.gif/226132516/bus.gif -
Change to Georgia’s state flag
In 1956, Georgia’s new state flag was designed to look similar to the Confederate battle flag. The Georgia seal was kept on the left side, but the Confederate battle symbol replaced the stripes. This change was made to symbolize integration in Georgia and to honor the start of the Civil War.
INFO:http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-2671
PICTURE:http://harpers.org/media/image/blogs/misc/georgia-flag.jpg -
Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine"
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Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed
He was tried and acquitted, and all other charges against other suspects dropped. INFORMATION: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/
PICTURE: http://jwa.org/system/files/mediaobjects/TheTemple-_bombing_photo_-_have_permission.JPG -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed
On the early morning of October 12, 1958 the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation exploded from fifty sticks of dynamite. Little damage was done to the synagogue, no one was hurt or injured, but there was severe damage to many parts of “the Temple.” This incident was all over the news, and was known to be targeted because it was fighting against racial segregation. The following January they discovered the bomber, George Bright. -
The Sibley Commission
The Sibley Commission was established to discuss the problem of school integration. John Sibley was the leader of this commission who was an Atlanta banker and attorney. The Sibley Commission held interviews that asked Georgians about their thoughts of school integration. Most said they would rather close the school than integrate it, so the commission let schools decide to be integrated or not. In some counties they opened private schools to avoid the integration issue. -
The Sibley Commission
BOTH PICTURE and INFORMATION form:
http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/media_content/m-10074.jpg -
The Albany Movement
Dr. William Anderson was prompted to lead the Albany Movement because of decisions of the Supreme Court that rules in interstate bus and train stations illegal. In Albany, Georgia, Freedom Riders sat in ‘white only’ sections on buses and were arrested and jailed. Protesters kept doing this, and more than 500 people were jailed. As result, desegregation of bus terminals was not immediate, but a committee got together to discuss the concerns of blacks in Albany. -
Albany Movement
BOTH PICTURE and INFO from: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/media_content/m-10017.jpg -
Integration of UGA
In 1961, two African-Americans, Charlayne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes, were escorted into the University of Georgia by state patrol officers. Governor Vandiver refused to stop desegregation, and made Georgia’s school desegregation was calmer than other states. Hamilton later became an orthopedic surgeon, and Charlayne became a newspaper and television reporter.
INFO: http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org
PICTURE: http://www.libs.uga.edu/hargrett/archives/integration/graphics/rbextra.jpg -
Freedom Rides
Freedom riders were people who protested transport segregation (like on the inter-state and railways). Once the issue of transport segregation grew the Congress on Racial Equality (CORE) started to organize the Freedom Rides. One Freedom Ride that was planned to travel to Anniston, Alabama, the Freedom Riders were split into two busses. They visited “white only” restaurants and traveled in integrated seating. -
Freedom Rides
When they got to Anniston, one of the buses was fire-bombed, and the riders burned to death inside because the mob held the door shut. The other one was attacked by men with knives, bricks, iron pipes, and clubs. Many Freedom riders were injured and some died.
INFO: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAfreedomR.htm
PICTURE:http://www.core-online.org/historyphotos/burning_bus.gif -
Birmingham, AL protests
In April 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. began a campaign to end discrimination in Birmingham, Alabama. Many people joined Dr. King, and for several nights, they would protest. Police tried to control the protesters with attack dogs and high-pressure fire hoses. Yet, thousands of people were arrested, including Dr. King, for protesting.
INFO: the book
PICTURE: http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-46BXAayfhZg/TsqBEL6gPoI/AAAAAAAAAuU/9t_wVM_sdoo/s1600/Screen%2Bshot%2B2010-03-17%2Bat%2B9.17.17%2BPM.png -
March on Washington
Around 250,000 gathered to promote economic equality of African-Americans and Civil Rights. They were non-violently protesting against segregation. They acknowledged the Martin Luther King “I Have a Dream” speech. It was meant to help the Civil Rights Act pass faster.
INFO: http://www.core-online.org/History/washington_march.htm
PICTURE: http://farm1.staticflickr.com/113/286476887_d43f3cff29.jpg -
16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombed
On September 15, 1963, a bomb went off at Birmingham’s Sixteenth Street Baptist Church during Sunday School. This bomb killed four black children and injured fourteen other people. This event brought whites and blacks together to stop any further doing of this violence.
INFO: from the book
PICTURE: http://students.cis.uab.edu/allic14/4girls.jpg -
JFK Assassination
President John F. Kennedy was the thirty-fifth president of the United States who died in his first term as president. On Friday, November 22, 1963, President Kennedy was visiting Dallas Texas. He was riding in a limousine with Governor John Connally, his wife, and the first lady, Jacqueline Kennedy. When they passed the Stemmons Freeway sign, there were gunshots heard. John F. Kennedy was shot in the throat. They rushed to the nearest hospital, but it was too late. When the people heard about P -
JFK Assassination
When the people heard about President Kennedy’s death, they were heartbroken. It was an extremely treacherous day for most Americans.
INFO: http://www.jfk-assassination.de/articles/index.php
PICTURE: http://themoderatevoice.com/wordpress-engine/files/JFKmotorcade.jpg -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act started when John F. Kennedy was in office. He supported the civil rights issue, but was assassinated before he could finish the act. So, Lyndon Johnson carried out the bill that covered the 14th amendment. Johnson signed the bill in July and went forth being president.
INFO:http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/1964_civil_rights_act.htm
PICTURE:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Civilrightsact1964.jpg/220px-Civilrightsact1964.jpg -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed
He made civil rights his main priority as president, and abolished poll taxes so more blacks could vote. He then signed the Voting Rights Act of 1965 which expanded voting ability to non-English speakers and banned literacy tests. This way anyone who wanted could vote if you were of age!
INFO:http://www.core-online.org/History/voting_rights.htm
PICTURE:http://www.gcsehistory.org.uk/modernworld/usa_civilrights/images/lbjsignsvotingrightsbillaugust1965.jpg -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed
In the South, African-Americans were treated harshly; they were intimidated, physically bullied, and harassed. The fifteenth and Nineteenth Amendments allow black men and women to vote, but the southern didn’t agree with the US Constitution. Southern voter registration boards used literacy tests and poll taxes against African-Americans to excluded most of them from being registered to vote. President Lyndon B. Johnson changed all of that in 1965. -
Summerhill Race Riot (Atlanta)
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MLK assassination
On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. He was shot in the face and the neck on the balcony of the Lorraine Motel. He had come to Tennessee to support sanitation workers on strike. He was planning to lead a march, but never got to do that.
PICTURE:http://pdr.autono.net/memphis.jpg -
MLK assassination
James Earl Ray was arrested for murdering MLK. He was sentenced to 99 years in prison for first class murder. Martin's funeral was in Atlanta, Georgia where riots were held by many African-Americans. People across the US crazy, but Atlanta was most upset.
INFO:http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/Martin_Luther_King_Assassination
PICTURE:http://mitchellarchives.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/king-shot-ff.jpg -
All Georgia Schools Integrated
