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White Primary is abolished in GA
White Primaries are primary elections held in the South where any African-American voters were prohibited from voting. They were usde to limit the amount of power they had in the voting decision. White Primaries lasted from around 1890 to 1946. The White Primaries were originally considered constitutional, but eventually were ruled unconstitutional. Because of this being unconstitutional, the White Primaries were absolished in 1946.
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Integration of the Armed Forces
In the year 1948, President Harry Truman signed the Integration of the Armed Forces. This is the order that stated that all people, despite their race, color, ethnicity, or religion, should be treated equally.
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Brown vs. Board of Education
The Brown vs. Board of Education case involved Oliver Brown and the Board of Education of Topeka. This was a decision on behalf of the Supreme Court that ruled the establishment of ratially separated schools unconstitutional. This decision overturned the Plessy v. Ferguson decision that was made in 1896. This was ruled unconstitutional and was said to violate the 14th Amendment. This led to integration & the Civil Rights Movement.
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Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1955, Rosa Parks boycotted the segretgation laws in Montgomery, Alabama. As a segregation law, blacks were told to sit in the back of a bus they were riding on to make room for white passengers. Parks, boycotting, sat in the front of the bus and didn't move. This boycott lasted for an entire day. As a result, Rosa was put under arrest for violation of law. Due to a lot of riders being black, the busses lost 75% of their riders after this.
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Change to Georgia's State Flag
In 1956, the Georgia state flag was changed to display a large confederate flag to represent the side of the Civil War Georgia was on. Many residents round this rude, though, due to the history the Confederates had had with White Supremacy. Despite the lack of satistfaction it brought about the residents of Georgia, this flag was not changed again until 2001.
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Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine"
The Crisis at Central High was when African American students were prohibited from entering a racially segregated Central High, by order of Governor Faubus. The Little Rock Nine are a group of 9 African American students who attempted to enter this racially segretgated school in the fall of 1957. On their first day of school, they were threatened and followed by the Arkansas National Guard This was a big event in the Civil RIghts Movement.
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Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed
On the morning of October 12, 1958, the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation, also known as "The Temple, was bombed. This bombing was said to be done by five men who were a part of the "National States' Rights Party," which was a white separaists group. The Temple seemed to be the target of this bombing due to it being a center for civil rights advocacy. It was also because it was a training center for protestors.
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Sibley Commission
The Sibley Commission was established to further the studies of problems with integrated schools. As a part of the studies, Georgians were interviewed on how they felt about integration. Most Georgians voted that they'd rather close schools than integrate them. The decision was made that Georgia school systems were allowed to decide if they'd be integrated or not.
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Freedom Rides
Freedom Riders were African Americans who were protesting the segreated bus rides. In protest to the segregation laws, the Freedom Riders rode on all-white busses. These versions of "sit-ins" were called "Freedom Rides." These actions were considered criminal, and the Freedom Riders were arrested for their protests.
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Integration of the University of Georgia
Charalayne Hunter and Hamlin Holmes were two students who wanted to attend UGA. Alumni and Georgia politicians refused to let them attend the university and told the governor they'd rather close the school than allow these students to attend. Governor didn't stop desegregation, and both of these students graduated from UGA to become successful in the workforce.
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Albany Movement
The Albany Movement took place in Albany, Georgia in 1961. Those envolved were local activists, the SNCC, and the NAACP. Led by William G. Anderson, the goal was to desegregate an entire community. This protest failed. The result of the protest was the arrest of over 1,000 African American protestors.
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Birmingham, Alabama Protests
The Birminham, Alabama Protests, also known as the Birmingham Campaign, were protests set up by the Southern Christian Leadership Conference to protest the unequal treatments of the African-Americans that was taking place in Birmingham. Leg by MLK Jr, the protestors used nonviolent direct action to defy any treatment they felt unjust. As a result, the protestors were acted against by white citizens and continued to be treated unfairly.
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16th Street Baptist Churh in Birmingham bombed
The bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham happened in September of 1963. This bombing caused the death of four African American girls, and turned the tables on the Civil Rights Movement that was taking place in the United States during this time. The bombing of the 16th Street Baptist Church was done by a Klu Klux Klan group.
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March on Washington, DC
The "Great March on Washington, DC" was a protest against the unfair lack of human rights given to African-Americans. This march was to fight for jobs and freedom for African-American citizens of the United States. This march consisted of over 300,000 protestors protesting for equal human rights. During this march was the delivery of Martin Luther King Jr's "I Have A Dream" speech.
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John F. Kennedy Assassination
John F. Kennedy was the 35th president of the United States of America. He was shot in Dallas, Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald. At the moment of his death, he was traveling with his wife in a convertible car.
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Civil Rights Act of 1964 passed
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a law passed that made it illegal to desegregate against African Americans and women. It helped to desegrate various public places. It also created equal voting and schooling rights for African Americans and white citizens. This act was passed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964.
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Voting Rights of 1965 passed
The Voting RIghts Act of 1965 made it illegal to have laws descriminating against African Americans and their voting rights. Passed in 1965, blacks and whites had equal voting rights from then on out. This bill was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson, along with the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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Summerhill Race Riot in Atlanta
The Summerhill Race Riot lasted for four days and took place in Atlanta, Georgia. It was a protest against Civil Rights; the protesters were accused of brutally ecouraging policemen. There was one death and multiple injuries from this riot.
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MLK Assassination
On March 28, 1968, Martin Luther King Junior led a march that was supposed to be nonviolent through Tennessee. Eventually it turned for rioting and violence. The assassination was done by James Earl Ray. Georgia was effected stronger than the other states because of the effect Martin Luther King Jr had on Georgia and the Civil Rights Movement.
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all Georgia schools integrated
In 1971, towards the end of the Civil Rights Movement, all Georgia schools were integrated. Now allowing multiple races to attend Georgia schools, this was a major change in the Civil Rights Movement.
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