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The White Primary - Abolished!
The White Primary was a system that didn't allow African Americans to vote. The law stated that African Americans were allowed to vote in a general election, yet it didn't state that they could vote in a primary election. In 1946, the Supreme Court said the white primary system was unconstitutional. As a result, it was banned and blacks were allowed to vote in both general and primary elections. http://tw0.us/RH
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Integration of the Armed Forces
In January of 1948, President Truman wanted to end segregation in armed forces. On July 26, Truman signs the Executie Order 9981 which states that there should be equal treatment and oppurtunity for all people in the armed forces no matter what their beliefs or appearance.
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Brown Vs. The Board of Education
Oliver Brown, father of Linda Brown, wanted his child to attend a white's only school, but the Board of Education wouldn't allow it so Oliver filed a lawsuit against the Topeka Board of Education. He lost, but then took the case to the Supreme Court. The judges voted nine to zero that African American and white students were seperated.
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Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks, a member of the NAACP, rode the bus on December 1, 1955, and refused to gie up her seat to a white man. She was arrested because of this. On the day of her trial, flyers were sent out to every school in Montgomery telling them not to ride the bus for one day.
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Change to Georgia's State Flag
In 1955, John Sammons Bell, an attorney from Atlanta, wanted to adjust the Confederate flag for red and white bars. Two state senators, Jefferson Lee Davis and Willis Harden both agreed with Bell and all three created a bill. The change wasn't fulfilled until 2001.
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Crisis at Central High School and the "Little Rock Nine"
When racial segregation was coming to an end, the first few African American students were going to attend Little Rock Central High School, but the National Guardsmen wouldn't let them into the school to "keep peace". The Guardsmen were removed by the federal court later on, but racial situations kept occuring. As a result, President Eisenhower hired US troops to patrol the school and protect the new black students now known as the "Little Rock Nine".
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Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in Atlanta Bombed
General Gordon of the Confederate Underground announced that he had bombed the Hebrew Benevolent Congregation Temple. The Temple was located in Atlanta, Georgia, and the bomb was dropped in the early morning. There were no injuries or deaths.
http://jwa.org/media/temple-bombing-atlanta-georgia
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Sibley Commission
Led by John Sibley, the Sibley Commission was established to study the problem of school integration. They interviewed Georgians on their opinions of integration and the result said that they would rather close all schools than integrate them. The Commission recommended that schools would be permitted to choose whether they would follow federal law or integrate. The result was that many private schools for only white students had opened.
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Integration of The University of Georgia
Judge Bootle requested that Hamilton Jones and Charlayne Hunter should attend the University of Georgia. Earlier, state legislators passed a law that any white school who let in African American students would no longer have state-funds. On January 11, a mob of white students attending UGA gathered outside of Charlayne Hunter's dorm. State officials repealed the law that did not accept state-funds because of integration.
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Freedom Rides
A Freedom Ride was when a law passed that busses and cars were to be desegregated and the Freedom Riders wanted to test the law to find out if the law was reliable. At first, African Americans didn't recieve much of a response, but two weeks later, the black passengers were beaten. Later into the experiment, a mob attacked the African American riders. Presdient Kennedy finally had to put a stop to this and didn't allow transportation to be segregated.
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Albany Movement
The Albany Movement began when a group called the SNCC sat in a whites only waiting room at the city bus station and were arrested. Dr. William Anderson began a protest with people called freedom riders. Freedom riders came to Albany, protested, and supported the movement but were arrested. James Forman, the organizer of the SNCC, led high school students to the station to protest and were also arrested. MLK and Ralph Abernathy were arrested for their protests.
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Birmingham, AL Protests
African Americans in Birmingham, Alabama wanted to boycott large businesses to protest against segregation
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/74/Birmingham_campaign_dogs.jpg
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March on Washington DC
A political rally that was organized by civil rights and religious groups and their goal was to create political an social changes. During the march, Martin Luther King Jr. led on his famous speech, “I Have a Dream”, in which he spoke about racial justice and equality.
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16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham Bombed
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John F. Kennedy Assassinated
President Kennedy was shot in the Dealey Plaza. He was riding a motorcade and it was 12:30 pm. He was thought to have been shot by Lee Harvey Oswald.
http://www.maryferrell.org/wiki/index.php/JFK_Assassination
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Civil Rights Act if 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a federal legislation that did not agree with state-funding schools or universities that supported segregation and made any discrimination against African Americans illegal. It was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson.
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Voting Rights Act of 1965 Passed
Because African Americans in the South still could not vote, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began to take action. The following summer had been named “Freedom Summer” because citizens nationwide traveled to the South to help African Americans to be permitted to vote. After many failed attempts of marching, Dr. King was granted a march permit by a federal district court judge. President Johnson sent federal marshals, FBI agents and soldiers to guard the marchers. Dr. King and Rabbi Abraham Herchel -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 Passed
led a fifty-mile march to Montgomery in March and twelve-thousand others joined in the march as well to complete the march to the Alabama State Capitol. Congress enforced equal voting rights among all races with the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson.
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Summerhill Race Riot
On June 9, 1966, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee started a riot in Summerhill in Atlanta, that ended with one citizen dead and twenty injured citizens.
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Martin Luther King is Assassinated
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All Georgia Schools are Integrated
