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Proclamation of 1763
This limited western expansion of the colonies into the Native American territories. This was made so it could protect the Native's land and hoped to keep tribes as allies against the French. The Colonist were not greatly affected but they were unhappy because they could not go past even if they wanted to. -
Sugar Act of 1764
This act cut duties on molasses and prohibited importation on all foreign rum. It also banned direct shipping of important things to Europe. This act raised revenue, and was reducing colonist to evade duties. The colonist were upset because the balance of trade for merchants in Northern seaports was not fair, and they could not get all supplies they needed. -
Currency Act of 1764
This act prohibited the issue of any new bills and the reissue of existing currency because colonies suffered a constant shortage of currency with which to conduct trade. The colonist protested against this and argued because they could not make their own currency. -
The Stamp Act of 1765
This act said that American colonies needed to offset the sums necessary for their maintenance. The reason for this was it was intended to use for additional tax money to pay for war expenses. The colonist were angry and refused to pay because they thought the British parliament didn't have the authority to impose an internal tax. -
The Quartering Act of 1765
This act regulated British soldiers to be quartered into private homes of colonist because the British soldiers did not get along with the civilians. The colonist resented and opposed to the act because they were being taxed to pay for army when they thought it was unnecessary. -
Declaratory Act of 1766
This act stated that the gov. had full power/authority to make laws and statues of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America. They made this because they didn't want the colonist to have power that would go against the crown/parliament. The colonist were angry because they had a feeling that there would be more laws and they thought that only the colonies had the right to put taxes on them -
Townshend Revenue Act of 1767
This act made taxes on lead, glass/paint/paper/and tea so that the taxes would help pay expenses involved in governing the American colonies. The colonist decided to discourage the purchase of British imports because they did not like the taxes that were being put on them. -
Boston Massacre of 1770
The Boston Massacre of 1770 was when the British soldiers and the colonist were fighting against each other because the colonist were not happy with the laws and taxes that were being put on them. They were not content and refused to pay which led to this massacre. The soldiers had an advantage because they have skills that most colonist do not have. -
The Tea Act of 1773
This act allowed tea to be sold directly to the North American colonies because there was such a high demand for tea which was met by smuggling tea from the Dutch. Some of the colonists were happy, some objected because smugglers/merchants who weren't given tea contracts saw their livelihood jeopardized. -
The Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party happened in 1773. It happened because the colonist were not content about the taxes that they had to pay. The phrase "no taxation without representation" became a phrase that many were using. 3 ships came to Boston filled with tea but the colonist wanted nothing to do with it. No matter how cheap the was, if it had a tax on it, they did not want it. The colonist decided to go on the boats and dump all of the tea out into the water. The Sons of Liberty were very angry. -
The Intolerable Acts of 1774
There were 3 acts in the intolerable acts which were, The Boston Port act, which closed all the ports in Boston. The Massachusetts Government Act which stopped all the colonist from meeting together. And the Administration of Justice Act which said that British criminal trials would be held in England. The colonist were anxious and angry because they did not like the rules and were not agreeing to them. -
Battle of Lexington and Concord
The purpose of this battle was because the colonist thought the laws that were put on them were unfair. There was a lot of tension between each other. The British also saw that the colonist had a lot of weapons and thought that they were a threat. The British were worried and questioned why the colonist had so many weapons. The colonist were very prepared and they beat the British. The colonist were bragging and many soldiers were killed. The British soldiers were suffering. -
Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill)
The purpose of this battle was to race the British to capture Bunker Hill. Both the Americans and British wanted to claim Breed's hill because it was very tall and a great place to fight because you can hide on the other side and it is hard for people to get up it. Many British soldiers died but the British still won. Americans chose the wrong hill for the battle (Bunker Hill) and the British attacked them from boats because the hill was facing the water. Americans were suffering in this battle. -
Declaration of Independence
This was a document that all the colonist agreed on and all worked together to make it. It was written by Thomas Jefferson. They wanted freedom from their king because he has made them angry and broken many promises. They listed everything he did. They wanted to announce the new country. They were declaring separation from the king. This gave the colonists the freedom they have been wanting. The king committed many crimes and these were all listed. -
Battle of Trenton
This was a war between American and Britain. The Americans were led my George Washington and the British were led by Col. Johann Rall. The Americans won this battle with 0 killed and 5 wounded. Britain on the other hand ended with 22 killed, 92 wounded, and over 800 troops missing. Washington was preparing all night for his battle and they were very behind on schedule. Washington catches the British by surprise. Johann Rall got injured but before he perished, he surrendered to Washington. -
Battle of Saratoga
In this war, the Americans were led by Horatio Gates. The British were led by John Burgoyne. The British were trying to capture the Hudson River. The British began to be surrounded by the Americans at Freeman Farm. The Americans won which ended Burgoyne's plan to invade. This was was one of the most decisive in the revolution. This war made France recognize the Americans. France then signed a peace treaty with the Americans. -
Battle of Valley Forge
This battle in the American Revolution, the Americans were led by George Washington. The British were led by Gen. Friedrich Wilhelm Ludolf & Gerhard Augustin Von Steven. There were 2,000 total deaths which came from the harsh winter and the colonists did not have the right supplies. It was so cold and things only got worse. The significance was that having the soldiers all together and fighting together made them stronger which helped them learn to fight off the British very well. -
Battle of Yorktown
In the battle of Yorktown, the Americans were led by George Washington and Alexander Hamilton. The French were led by Comte de Grasse and Comte Francois. The British were led by Charles Cornwallis. The Americans and the French teamed up against Britain. There were 389 American deaths and 8,589 British. Franco American destroyed the British and forced the British to surrender. This was the last war of the American revolution. The colonists were free. -
Treaty of Paris
The main people who were involved with the treaty were John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and John Jay. The Americans ended this revolution with a strong win. The significance of this treaty was that the Americans colonies gained more land which helped their economy. This separated America and Britain. The treaty also made growth to make the US more wealthy. The balance of power was permanently changed, and this ended the American revolution. -
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Westward Expansion
Westward Expansion happened from 1787-1861. Everyone was expanding West because of Manifest destiny and there were also many pull factors. Some of them being the California Gold Rush and the Oregon Trail. There were many opportunities there. Manifest Destiny was the belief that they were destine to expand further to the West. Every body wanted to get to the West during these times. This is Nationalism because it wasn't just the North or South going, it was everyone who wanted to expand westward. -
The 3/5 Compromise
The South had a large population of slaves and wanted them to count for their population because the bigger the population, the more votes and representatives they get. The North did not have as many slaves so they wanted the South to pay taxes. The compromise was that every three out of five slaves would be counted in the population. This brought the country together because the North & South had different opinions so they met between and decided on this compromise. -
Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a tax that was put on distilled spirts. The colonists had to began paying extra for these items. The colonists were protesting for George Washington to take this tax away but he refused. They would not stop the protesting and it needed to end. George Washington needed the money to pay back dept from the war. He could not take it away. He had to bring in the Militia to end this. George W. knew what was best so he decided to keep this tax and bring the militia to end this -
States Rights
The States rights found in the 10th Amendment states that if there are no laws in the U.S. about slaves, the states can decide. The states created their own laws. If the Federal Government has a law, the states have to follow it. The Federal Government has power over the states when there is a law. This is sectionalism because all of the states have different opinions and argue over who gets to be a slave state and who gets to be free. The nation and states have different opinions as well. -
XYZ Affair
The France were attacking the American ships. The President sent 3 Americans to ask them for peace. The French minister did not want to talk to them, instead he sent 3 representatives to America. The Americans called them XYZ. They were asking for them to give them money. The Americans were not happy about this. After this got out, the federalists wanted to declare war with the French because they thought that they were not respecting them the way they should. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
The Alien Act was an act that said the president was allowed to imprison or deport anyone who was not a U.S citizen and considered to be dangerous. The Sedition Act was a law that said speaking, or publishing "false, scandalous and malicious criticism of the government" was a crime. These were passed because the Americans were worried about immigrants who are helping the French. -
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
Democratic- Republicans thought that the Alien and Sedition acts were abuse of power. The resolutions said that the Acts were unconstitutional because they inter-feared with the Constitution. The Kentucky Resolution claimed states could nullify laws that they that were unconstitutional. The Resolutions did not change the law but the Acts expired after John Adams term was over as a president. This showed the states that they have power to change the Federal government. -
Embargo Act
The Embargo Act was made because Britain and France were attacking the American ships. The Purpose of this act was to weaken the British because they relied on American goods. They wanted to weaken their economy so they would stop attacking them. But the U.S was also effected because they couldn't get goods from the British or France. Thomas Jefferson's goal was to have pressure on them but not lead into a war. This affected both sides economy. -
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The Underground Railroad
The Underground Railroad was made to help slaves escape to freedom. There were two underground railroads, northern and southern. Most code names were related to Railroad terms to keep the slaves hidden. Some of the hiding places along the way were barns, wagons, churches, secret rooms, and homes. Ways to alert slaves about the runway, routes and available shelter were by candles, songs, and quilt designs. This was sectionalism because it was more local and slaves wanted to go to a free state. -
War of 1812
The problem that America was facing was that France and England would not stop destroying the U.S ships. The U.S tried many things to make them stop. They first tried to stop them by sending representatives to negotiate. This was also known as the XYZ Affair. They then made the Alien and Sedition acts. That did not work either. Lastly, the sent the Embargo acts which stopped bringing goods to each other. This affected both sides. None of these things worked. They needed to go to war to end this. -
McCulloch vs. Maryland
McCulloch vs. Maryland was a large argument. Congress created The first bank of the US to serve as a bank for the country. Was a large a debate on how much power they can have. Constitution didn't expressly give them the power to do this. State passed a law that requires all banks that were created outside of the state had to pay tax. McCulloch was sued, but he appealed till it reached the supreme court. They ruled in McCulloch's favor, and said that congress can create a Nat. bank. -
Compromise of 1820
The Compromise of 1850 was called the Missouri Compromise. The problem was that there were slave states and free states and adding Missouri meant that the balance of slave and free states would be off. They brought Missouri as a slave state and let Maine be free. With the rest of Louisiana they made a compromise line. The states North were free and the states South would vote on slavery. This brought the U.S. apart because the North and South couldn't decide who would be slave and free. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine stated that the Western Hemisphere was not open to European colonization and the U.S would view it as a hostile act if they tried to interfere. It also said that the U.S would not interfere with Europe. The U.S did not want Europe to spread further than it already has because they worry that they could try to take the U.S land next. The U.S was agreeing to not interfere with Europe if they would not interfere with them. -
John Brown
John's father was an abolitionist and an agent on the underground railroad. In 1825, John moved to Pennsylvania and his barn became a station on the Underground Railroad. Many of his jobs failed and put him in debt, but that didn't stop him. He protested in favor of slaves and hated slaveowners. To help raise money, John held several speaking tours and soon planned to raid slaveowners and free the slaves. He helped slaves escape to the North where they could live freely unlike the south. -
Frederick Douglass
Frederick was born in 1818 into slavery. Frederick and his mom were slaves. He was wanted an education and would secretly exchange food for reading lessons. His first attempt to escape he was caught and put in jail. Then in 1838, he successfully escaped to NYC and married Anna Murray. Later in life he became a very powerful speaker and became a full time lecturer. Soon after he leaded in anti-slavery. The North was free and all slaves were escaping to free land because the South allowed slaves. -
Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman grew up in slavery. In 1849, she escaped by herself to Philadelphia. After escaping, she went back to the South nineteen times to help slaves escape. Some of the times she went back by herself, others were with the Underground Railroad. She was a very successful speaker at abolitionist convention and also helped the Union Army. After this she continued to support many. This is sectionalism because slavery was mainly in the South and Harriet wanted to help this problem. -
Compromise of 1850
The problem of this compromise was that the U.S. added the Mexican Cession and the Oregon territory. Five steps made up the compromise. These were, California would be free, In UT & NM the state would vote, the fugitive law was passed, the DC slave trade was banned, and Texas got ten million dollars which ended the boarder argument with NM. This was Sectionalism because the North and South could not agree who gets to be free and slave. The U.S. was growing and new states made it un-balanced. -
Fugitive Slave Law
This law was passed on September 18, 1850. The government officials could capture and return slaves that had escaped to their owners as stated in the law. It gave slaveowners rights to receive back their runaway slaves. This was stated in the Constitution Article IV section 2. All of the slaves had to go back into slavery even if they had already escaped to freedom. This was not bringing the Nation together because some states were free but they were forcing the freed slaves back into slavery. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Stephen Douglas created a bill that put together the Nebraska Territory due to all of the demands. A debate happened over slavery. This went against the Missouri Compromise because it added more land and for slavery, it is chosen by popularity. Supporters and haters of slavery came to the territory with different opinions. This was called "Bleeding Kansas". This brought the nation apart because people from both sides were coming and brought their opinions that went against each other.