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On the tombstone of the king of Gokturks is found a poem "When a knowledgeble person ties a stone to his belt, the stone becomes gold, but when an unknowledgeble person ties gold to his belt, the gold becomes a stone"
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On the tombstone of the king of Gokturks is found poem that "When a knowledgeable person ties a stone to his belt, the stone become gold, but when an unknowledgeable person tie gold to his belt, the gold becomes a stone"
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This conversion to Islam impacted every aspect of life, including education.
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Ghazali, who concluded that idea of rational thought as science would be harmful to religion and the words of God. The studies were limited of natural, physical.
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The first revealed Koranic verse states, "Read, with the name of God" and the Prophet Mohammed writes, "Whenever there is sciencne, or study, go and find it even if it is in China"
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-Primary education by Sibyan Mekteps (local or district school) focus on religious
-accepted boys and girls at the ages of 5-6 and taught for 3-4 years.
-Secondary and higher education at university was given in madrasas focus on mainly religious education, science, mathematics, medical science and astronomy. -
-Neglected scientific developments around the world and dropped science and mathematics coures.
-Ottoman Empire began to see its decline compared to Europe that one of the major factors was the military superiority of Western Europe.
-Ottoman Empire's military needs the first modern military schools providing education at a higher, university, level. -
-Accept students aged 10 to 18.
-Mathematics, geometry, geography books were only available from French. -
-middle and elementary school
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basic science, physics and chemistry in school
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Mentioned that in rural areas it was necessary to open another type of village teacher school.
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All school throughout the country must use the same curricula which are developmented and implemented by the National Ministry of Education. Teachers, students, parents and all participants of education have groused about the science education in Turkey since 1924.But unfortunately, science education problem was not solve completely. The science subject were included to some degree in "Knowledge of life"
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focus agricultural courses than science course.
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- Turkey became a full member of NATO and expanded its connections with western countries, especially USA. -discipline-knowledge based curriculum , Chemical Education Material Study, Physical Sciences study committee, Biological Science Curriculum Study, Chemical Bond Approach, Nuffield Science. -Translate some US curricula to Turkish.
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loan from world bank for
1. improve of pre-service teacher education
2.curriculum development and materials production
3. development of student-teacher experience in schools
4. establishment of a system of faculty school partnerships
5. developmento of a set of standards in teacher education. -
The elementary school curriculum is being implemented in five school subjects; mathematics, science, social science, life science, turkish.
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major changes in philosophy of instruction, teaching styles, teacher and student roles, and curriculum organization basing on a constructivist approach to instruction.
-develop skills on critical thinking, creativity, communication, problem solving and investigation and emphasize decision-making process and use of information technologies. -
Reforms in the elementary science curriculum shed light on the reforms in secondary science education programs.
-biology, physics and chemistry curriculum.
-points such as constructivist teaching approach, key concepts, spiral curriculum, and science process skill. -
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-Limon E. Kattington. 2009. Handbook of Curriculum development. Nova Sciecne Publishers, Inc. ISBN:978-1-60876-572-0. pp.1-12.
-Ridvan E.,Nilay O., Meltem I. and William W. 2014. An investigation of teacher response to national sciecne curriculum reforms in turkey. Eurasian Journal of Physics and Chemistry Education. 6(1):2-33.
-Doris J and Justin D. 2012. Science education research and practice in Europe: Retrospective and Prospective, 341-374. -
-Yusof K., Mine I. and Safure B. (2007). elementary school curriculum reform in Turkey. International education Journal. 8(1), 30-39
-Mustafa o. (2007). problem with science and technology education in turkey. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science & Technology Education. 3(2), 157 - 161.