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The common school movement took place in the 1830’s in New England. By the time of the Civil War, systems of common schools had become common throughout most northern and midwest states. By the 20th century publicly supported schools had become the new normal in America.
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Declared public education as separate but equal for the state of Louisiana.This decision means that the federal government officially recognizes segregation as legal. One result is that southern states pass laws requiring racial segregation in public schools.
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American and African American students were not allowed to attend the same schools. An African American girl named Linda Brown could not attend a white school a few blocks from her home. Linda's father filed a lawsuit against the Board of Education. He argued that separate schools were unconstitutional because they violated equal protection guaranteed by the 14th Amendment. The Brown v. Board of Education declared separate schools are not equal.
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This states that no person in the United States will not be excluded from participation, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or active receiving federal financial assistance due to their gender. Title IX prohibits limit of any person in the enjoyment of any right, privilege, advantage, or opportunity.
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Non-English-speaking Chinese-American students in San Francisco claimed that they were being denied equal protection by the school system’s failure to provide additional English language instruction. Supreme Court ruled in favor of the students, by relying on Section 601 of the 1964 Civil Rights Act rather than the Equal Protection Clause. Section 601 protects against discrimination on the basis of national origin. This case paved the way for future decisions regarding bilingual education.
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This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access education for all children with physical and mental disabilities. Public schools are required to evaluate children with disabilities and create an educational plan with parental input that would give these students an equal education as non-disabled students. This act helped provided federal funds to help states educate students with disabilities.
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A Texas law allowed the state to withhold school funds for undocumented children. The Supreme Court found that this law violated the Fourteenth Amendment rights of these children because it discriminated against them on the basis of a factor beyond their control
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Female high school students who were unmarried mothers were denied admission to their school’s National Honor Society (NHS). The NHS chapter claimed that the denial was based on the girls’ characters. However, the court ruled that the chapter had violated Title IX by discriminating against pregnant women.
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A student with learning disabilities switched from a public school to a private school after the public school failed to meet his needs as a student (a free and appropriate public education) A hearing officer ordered that the public school district reimburse the student for the private school expenses. However, the student had not been receiving special education at the public school. The Supreme Court ruled that the school could be forced to reimburse the student if FAPE had not been provided.
