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Plessy vs Ferguson
The Plessy vs Ferguson was a Supreme Court decision in 1896. This event made sure that the racial segregation laws for the public facilities were constitutional as long as they met equal standards. It upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine. The Supreme Court controlled the racial facilities. If the racial facilities were considered equal, it would not make conflict with the constitution. -
National Origins Act
The National Origins Act was a law that prevented immigrants to create a system of national quotas that discriminates against immigrants from all over Europe and Asia. -
Roosevelt banned discrimination
Roosevelt's move towards banning discrimination and immigrant equality, was the first federal action. It was to uphold equal opportunity for all. It also prevented employment discrimination as well. -
Beat Movement
The Beat movement, also known as the Beat generation, begun by a group of talented authors. Their work affected American culture in the post war era. Their work was published and got popular throughout 1950. Some of the authors that are apart of the Beat generation are Elise Cowen, Lew Welch, Joanne Kyger, Carolyn Cassady, Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, and William Burroughs. There are alot more artists but above are just a few from the Beat Generation. -
SEATO
SEATO stands for Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. This organization was formed on September 8, 1954. The SEATO headquarters was located on Bangkok Thailand. The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization was an intergovernmental organization. The reason for this event was to keep communism from gaining control in the region. Only two members of the Organization were southeast Asian. The Phillippines became apart of the SEATO because of their connection with the United States. -
Brown v Board of Education
The Brown v Board of Education was where the Supreme Court controlled the American state laws that defined racial segregation in schools that were not private and made unconstitutional no matter what, even if the schools that are segregated are made equal.The Brown v Board of Education started on the December ninth of 1952 and ended on May 17th of 1954. There were many Brown v Board of Education books like the Simple Justice and the All Deliberate Speed. -
French lost Vietnam
French was defeated to Vietnam. The battle was at Dien Bien Phu. It signaled French colonial influence in Indochina to be put to an end, and it made the division of Vietnam available at the conference of Geneva. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was an African American. She was born on February 14, 1913 in Alabama. She is a role model for tons of African Americans all around the world. She became known famous during the Montgomery Bus Boycott and is called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of freedom movement." When Parks was 42 years old, on December 1st, she was arrested for refusing giving up her bus seat for a white man. -
2nd Brown Ruling
The 2nd Brown Ruling was known as Brown v Board of Education II. The purpose of the 2nd Brown was to combine black and white schools together. -
Free elections cancelled in Vietnam
The elections were cancelled in Vietnam because everybody thought that Ho Chi Minh would win the elections. -
Little Rock
The Little Rock was a group of 9 people. All of them were African American students at Little Rock Central High School. At the beginning, these nine students were stopped from entering the racial segregated school. Orval Faubus was the governor of Arkansas and he was the one that stopped the nine students from going into the school because the color of their skin. -
SCLC
The SCLC stands for the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. It was first made on January 10th of 1957. It was when 60 black ministers and civil rights leaders were in Atlanta, Georgia and worked together to make an exact copy of the strategy that was created for the Montgomery Bus Boycott. Martin Luther King Jr. was chosen to be their leader and first president to make segregation illegal and have black and whites have equal rights. -
NASA created
NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. President Dwight D. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was founded on July 28th of 1958. Eisenhower signed the NASA act and called it a historic step. It prepared the United States for leadership in space age. The NASA had sent "robotic exploratory missions" to Mars and that was when a spacecraft was launched to look at Pluto. -
Fidel Castro
Fidel Castro was a Cuban communist and he was born on August 13, 1926 in Biran Cuba and died on November 25th of 2016 in Havena Cuba. He was a politician who controlled the Republic of Cuba and was Prime Minister. He started as a Prime Minister in 1959 and ended in 1976. He began his president years in 1976 and ended in 2008. He was not royal but was known as the longest ruler national leader. His length of ruling non royal was 52 years and 101 days. -
Boynton vs Virginia
The Boynton vs Virginia was a Supreme Court case that got tipped over by judgement that was declaring an African American student to be guilty of invading a restaurant in a bus when it was suppose to be only of white men. The Boynton v Virginia was decided on 1960. Because this African American's skin color, he was convicted of trespassing. People involved in the Boynton v Virginia were Warren, Frankfurter, Douglas, Harlan, Brennan, Stewart. -
Warren Court
Earl Warren controlled the Supreme Court known during his years of ruling, the "Warren Court." Earl Warren was Chief Justice. Earl Warren was in the office until 1969 when he retired. When he first started out as the Chief Justice, he replaced Fred M. Vinson who had died in 1953. Warren was liberal and used judicial power on conservative opponents. -
Greensboro sit in
The Greensboro sit in was a civil rights protest that began in 1960. African American students staged a sit in at the Woolworth's lunch counter in Greensboro, North Carolina. The waiters refused to serve the students because they were African American and was suppose to be a whites only hangout. So the students refused to get up from their seat until they were served which became known as the Greensboro sit in. -
Kennedy won presidential election
On November 8th of 1960, John F Kennedy defeated Richard Nixon who is Vice President and the Republican Party Nominee. -
National Liberation Front formed
The National Liberation Front is also known as the Viet Cong. It was a political event located in South of Vietnam and Cambodia with its own army. -
ARVN
ARVN stands for army of the republic of Vietnam. The ARVN was founded on December 30th 1955. It was also known as the south Vietnamese army where there were grounded forces of the South Vietnamese military caused by its own institution that was in 1955. The army of the republic of Vietnam resulted in 1,394,000 casualties.The Army of the Republic of Vietnam was located in Ho Chi Minh City in Vietnam. It ended on April 30, 1975. -
Core Freedom Rights
Freedom Riders were part of the Core Freedom Rights. The Core Freedom Rights started on May fourth of 1961 and ended on December tenth of 1961. They were civil rights activists and they rode interstate buses into the southern United States that was segregated in 1961. Those years were to contest those who were not enforced of the Supreme in the United States which declared that the segregated buses were not conforming with the political constitution. -
Berlin Wall was constructed
The Berlin Wall was built on August 13, 1961. It was a concrete barrier and its purpose was to divide Berlin. -
Baker v Carr
Baker v Carr was a case that was decided in 1962. This event was to distribute issues that presented questions that needed to be decided on. -
Engel v Vitale
Engel v Vitale was a case that was decided in 1962. This event is when the supreme court declared that it is unlawful for the state officials formulate an school prayer that sounded official. -
John Glenn 1st American to orbit Earth
John Glenn was the first American to go around the planet in 1962 of February. He was known to most people the "space hero." -
Carson's Silent Spring
Silent Spring is a environmental science book that was written by Rachel Carson and published in September of 1962. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
Some people referred the "Cuban Missile Crisis" as the "October Crisis of 1962," "The Caribbean Crisis," and "The Missile Scare." The Cuban Missile Crisis started on October 16th of 1962 and ended on October 28th of 1961. The President was John F Kennedy during the CMC. This event was a 13 day battle that was argued between the Soviet Union and the United States that was started by the United States. The Americans discovered the Soviet ballistic deployment that was located in Cuba. -
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty
The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was also known as the "The Partial Test Ban Treaty" which was in the atmosphere, under water, and outer space. The Nuclear Test Ban Treaty started on August 5th, of 1963. It was located in Moscow in Soviet. This event's purpose was to prevent all explosions of the nuclear weapons except for the nuclear weapons that were located underground and to overall be able to control all nuclear weapons. -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was on August, 28th of 1963 and held in Washington D.C.The March on Washington's purpose was to prevent whites having more power than African Americans and have equal job and freedom rights for black men as well. It was to advocate for black rights and lives so they could have the same rights and freedom as whites. Martin Luther King Jr. was part of this march during this time period and he presented a "I have a Dream" speech during the time of the March on Washington. -
Bomb in Birmingham
The Bomb in Birmingham was also known as the "16th street Baptist Church Bombing." This event was held on September 15th 1963. The Bomb in Birmingham was when the whites attacked the African American's baptist church and set bombs everywhere and killed innocent people. It was a racial segregation. This terrible event resulted in 4 deaths and 22 injuries. This tragic event was located on Sixteenth Street Baptist Church in Birmingham Alabama. -
JFK was assassinated
John F Kennedy was assassinated on November 11th of 1963. He was an American politician and journalist. He was elected the 35th president of the United States in 1961 and served in office until his killing in 2 years later in 1963. When he was riding in a modercade in Dallas during a campaign, he was shot in the back of the head and was rushed to the Parkland Memorial Hospital where he died. After JFK was killed, Lyndon B Johnson took office because he was vice president. -
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer was also known as "The Mississippi Summer Project." This event that was beginning in June of 1964 was a campaign that was located in the United States. It's purpose was to direct as many African Americans people having the chance to vote as they could. The Freedom Summer allowed lots of African American's to vote during the Mississippi campaign. -
Reynolds v Sims
Reynolds vs Sims like every other one, was a supreme court case. The election was brought up by voters in Alabama Missouri. This event's case was for the electoral districts to be very equal for the entire group of population. This event was decided in 1964. This case brought many questions. The voters thought that the Alabama's state legislature affected in a bad way the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th amendment. -
24th Amendment
The twenty-fourth amendment was created in 1964. The amendment was to allow any citizens of the United States the right to vote for any elections with President and Vice President, or for Senator or Representative that is in Congress, whether black or white or male or female. All should have the equal right to vote for presidential elections no matter the race of sex and that is what the twenty-fourth amendment allows. -
Economic Opportunity Act
The Economic Opportunity Act was apart of the War on Poverty. It's purpose was to convey any need and to notice a profit. -
Johnson spoke his speech in Michigan
In 1964, Johnson presented his speech that was located in Michigan. He wanted a lengthy speech that would be presented as honorable and would have a good start to his election campaign. Johnson wanted to present his speech at the Michigan stadium. In Johnson's speech, he quoted some of Richard Goodwin's words. His speech was about renewing 3 parts which was environmental protection, urban removal, and massive aid to education. -
Escobedo v Illinois
Escobedo v Illinois was a supreme court case that allowed criminal suspects to have guidance when their are police questioning. -
Civil Rights Act
The Civil Rights Act was to allow equal rights no matter the sex, religion, race, or nationality. -
Gulf of Tonkin resolution
The Gulf of Tonkin resolution was was a joint resolution that passed the US in August of 1964. -
Great Society Legislation
The Great Society Legislation was private programs in the United States. It was to prevent poverty and racial injustice. -
Immigration and Nationality Act
The Immigration and Nationality Act changed the national origins quota system. -
Medicare and Medicaid
Medicare provided health coverage if you are an older person and medicaid is health coverage if you have financial issues. -
Elementary Secondary Education Act
The Elementary Secondary Education Act's purpose was to send funding to schools and districts with high % to students who have low income. -
Voting Rights Act
The Voting Right Act was to allow every human being the chance to vote no matter the sex or race, to have equal rights in voting. -
Water Quality Act
The Water Quality Act's purpose is to direct pollutant discharges into the US. -
Malcolm X shot and killed
Malcolm X was shot and killed in the Audubon Ballroom in Omaha, NE. He was murdered in February of 1965. -
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act
National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act's purpose was to authorize to federal government to control the safety permits of motor vehicle and traffic. -
Miranda v Arizona
Miranda v Arizona was a supreme court case that turned over Miranda's conviction case that made him guilty of kidnapping and rape. -
Clean Water Restoration Act
Clean Water Restoration Act's purpose was to supply federal funds for the sewage treatment plants. -
Air Quality Act
The Air Quality Act's purpose to to take hold of air pollution on another level. -
Fulbright held public hearings
Fulbright held public hearings which started a remarkable change in public opinion. -
Congress divided into 2 camps : Hawks and Doves
Congress divided into 2 camps which was between Hawks and Doves. Hawks was pro war and Doves were anti war. -
Stalemate in Vietnam
Vietnam had stalemate because unless the Vietnam used nuclear weapons, the war was in a spot where no one could win. -
African American Supreme Court Justice
The first African American to enter the Supreme Court Justice was Thurgood Marshall who was directed by Lyndon B Johnson. -
MLK assassination
Martin Luther King Junior was shot in the back of the head in the National Civil Rights Museum in Memphis Tennessee and MLK was rushed to the St. Josephs Hospital where he passed away. Martin Luther King Jr was killed on April 4th 1968. The weapon used to kill Martin Luther King Jr was a remington 760. Martin Luther King Juniors murderer was named James Earl Ray and after killing MLK, James Earl Ray was founded guilty on his 41st birthday after being being sent a guilty plea during a jury trial. -
Robert F Kennedy assassination
Robert F Kennedy was shot and killed at the Good Samaritan Hospital in Los Angeles California. -
Tinker v De Moines School District
Tinker v De Moines was to give first amendment rights of students in public schools in the United States. -
Affirmative Action
The Affirmative Action was to enforce government employers that "not discriminate against any employee or applicant for employment because of race, creed, color, or national origin." -
EPA created
The EPA stands for United States Environmental Protection Agency. This event was founded by Richard Nixon. It started on December second of 1970 and headquarters was held in Washington D.C.The number of employees for the United States Environmental Protection Agency was about 14,173 and the annual budget was about 8.1 billion USD. The EPA was to look over, implement, and change whatever needs to be changed with the national guidelines. -
White vs Regester
The White v Regester needed the redrawing of state districts to make the population equal size.
