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The Muslims came to the Iberian Peninsula and defeated the Visigoths -
From 711, during the Umayyad Caliphate, Al-Andalus was a dependent emirate of the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus, and an emir governed it.
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Don Pelayo was a Visigothic noble who became the first king of the Kingdom of Asturias in 718. -
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When King Witiza died, a war broke out between his possible successors. One of them, Agila asked the muslims for help, to beat his opponent, Don Rodrigo. The muslims conquered all the Iberian Peninsula, that they called Al-Andalus, it happened in the context of rapid Islamic expansion. The muslims tried to continue their advance to the North but were stopped by the franks in the Battle of Poitiers -
Abd-al Rahman escaped from the Abbasids, and fled to the Iberian Peninsula. He seized power, proclaimed himself Emir and refused to recognise their religious superiority
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Abd al-Rahman | establishes an independent emirate of the Islamic Empire
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Pyrenean was the southern border of the Kingdom of the Franks. In 778, the Basques attacked Frankish troops in the region during the Battle of Roncesvalles. Their victory led to the creation of the Kingdom of Pamplona.
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Abd al-Rahman III proclaimed himself Caliph of the Caliphate of Córdoba. In addition to political power, he also held the highest religious authority. The golden age of Al-Andalus developed.
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Abd al-Rahman III proclaims the Caliphate of Córdoba and declares himself Caliph
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Al-Mansur was a very powerful vizier and when he died, it was a period of conflict and a break up of the Caliphate
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When in 1002 the caliph Hisham II died, a period of instability began, and finished in 1031. After its disintegration, the caliphate divided and became Taifa kingdoms, which former governors of the territories ruled.
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The Taifa kingdoms were weak, so they had to pay parias to the Christian kingdoms to stop them invading. Despite this agreement, Alfonso VI captured Toledo from the Muslims in 1085.
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To stop the Christian advance, the Muslims asked for help from the Almoravids, a North African Muslim dynasty. . They came to the Iberian Peninsula in 1086 and helped stop the southward advance of the Christian kingdoms. Soon after, they took control of the Taifa kingdoms.
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In the 12th century, the Almohads defeated the Almoravids. They were another Muslim dynasty. They came to the Iberian Peninsula in 1146 and dominated Al-Andalus. The Christians defeated them at the Battle of Las Navas de Tolosa in 1212 and the Almohad Empire disintegrated. -
In 1492, Catholic monarchs conquer the kingdom, ending Muslim rule on the Iberian Peninsula
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