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At the end of the Middle ages and the beginging of the Renaissance, was the "Black Death." It all started when trading ships from Genoese went on a long voyage at sea, and came to the Sicilian harbor. Most of the crew coming back were either ill or dead with black spots leaking pus or blood. People tried to stop the illness from spreading, but it was too late. Eventually over 20 million people died.
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Renaissance= rebirth
The Renaissance means rebirth in French. During this time, after the "Black Death", people were trying to fix the community with happy activities, such as art. -
Part of the Humanism during the Renaissance was breaking away from Medeival times and "Black Death", and starting a new way of living. During the Medeival times, the Church wasn't as important as people made it during the Rennaissance. The "father" of the Italian Renaissance humanism was Petrarch. Petrarch was alive from 1304-1374.
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Johannes Gutenburg invented the printing press in 1455. The first thing he printed was a fourty-two page bible known today was the "Gutenburg Bible."
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Erasmus of Rotterdam was said to be born on October 27, 1466. He was one of the greatest scholars of all time. He translated the New Testament into Greek, had an interesting view on the Reformation, and became one of Europe's greatest thinkers.
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Sandro Botticelli painted the "Birth of Venus" in 1468. The painting is one of the most famous paintings in the world even 500 years after it was painted.
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Lorenzo de' Medici ruled Florence, Italy from 1469-1492. He ruled with his brother, Giuliano, until he was assasinated in 1478. The Italians looked up to Giuliano and Lorenzo as, " the needle on the Italian scales."
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Leonardo da Vinci invented the parachute some time in the 1470s. He technically invented the design of the parachute, but didn't build it. This is one of the many inventions Leonardo da Vinci invented.
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Sandro Botticelli painted the "Primavera" sometime between 1477-1482. The "Primavera" is full of meanings that are very difficult to understand. People don't really know what this painting is of and why Botticelli painted it.
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Rafael was born on April 6, 1483 in Urbino,Italy. He is a very famous painter who painted the series of "Madonnas" (Sistine Chapel) and the Stanza della Segnatura( Palace of Vatican). He was also hired as the chief architect by Pope Julius II.
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Leonardo da Vinci invented "The Flying Machine" in 1485. His invention looks a lot like the common airplane we have today. It has two wings, except they flap. The design for his invention was inspired by wing flapping animals like birds.
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Leonardo Da Vinci started painting "The Last Supper" in 1495, and completly finished it in 1498. It is very large! It is actually 15 ft. by 29 ft! It is almost still like it was today, exept for a little part on the bottom
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Leonardo da Vinci invented Scuba diver gear sometime in the year 1500. He made it so Venice could complete sneak attacks on enemy ships.
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The "Mona Lisa" is one of the most famous paintings in the world. It was painted sometime in 1503-1519. It hangs in the Louve, which is in Paris, France. The "Mona Lisa" has gone through a lot, such as getting rocks thrown at it to getting stolen.
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Micheangelo started painting the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in 1508. He did not finish until 1512. They use the chapel today to elect the pope.
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King Henry VIII became the king of England in 1509. He was king until his death, which was on January 28, 1547. He died in London at the age of 55. He had six wives, and only the last one gave him what he was longing for, a son. His only son, Edward VI, took his place while Princess Elizabeth and Mary had to wait.
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Rafael painted "Transfiguration" sometime in 1516-1520. Sadly, Rafael died before he finished it, so it is said that one of his students finished the painting for him. Today, the painting is in the Vatican Museum.
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Martin Luther put his "95 Theses" on the door of the Wittenberg Church on October 31, 1517. Even though he did have faith in the Catholic Church, he started to pull away from his faith because they were selling salvation. Eventually, he started a whole new religion, Protestantism.
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The Reformation started in 1517, when Martin Luther posted his "95 Theses" on the door of the Church of Wittenberg. After that event, John Calvin and King Henry VIII, who were reformers too, helped Martin Luther reform. Many people wanted to make changes to the Catholic church. In the end, people were celebrating all different religions.
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Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564. He was a very famous poet and play writer. He wrote plays, such as "Romeo and Juliet", "Hamlet", and "A Midsummer Night's Dream." Today, he is still one of the best writers of all time.
