-
Mother Jones (Mary Harris Jones)
Went from being a school teacher to a union organizer. Helped coordinate strikes. -
Eugene V. Debs
American Union leader, and was one of the founders of the IWW. -
Emma Goldman
Helped create the anarchist party. -
AFL
Founded in 1886 by Gompers. It is a collection of trade unions that will play a major role in the labor movement throught the century. -
Samuel Gompers
Founded the AFL. -
Collective Bargaining
Process of negotiations between employers and a group of employees aimed at reaching agreements that regulate oworking conditions. Founded by Beatrice Webb in the middle of 1891. -
Department of Labor
Cabinet department of the federal government. Its purpose is to foster, promote, and develop the welfare of wage earners and job seakers. -
IWW (International Workers of the World)
Founded in chicago, also known as Wobblies. Only acheived limited success. -
International Ladies Garment Workers Union (ILGWU)
The union goes on strike, demanding a 20% pay raise and a 52-hour workweek. More than 20,000 workers from 500 factories walk off the job. Very successful. -
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Deadliest industrial disaster in the history of New York. The fire started in a scrap bin under of of the cutter's tables on the eighth floor. The first alarm started 5 minutes after the fire started. -
Minimum Wage
Sets a floor under the pay of women and minors. -
Ludlow Massacre
Attack by the Colorado National Guard and Colorado Fuel & Iron Company camp guards on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families. Resulted in violent deaths of between 19 and 25 people. -
Period: to
World War 1
Global war centered in Europe. Also called World War, or the Great War. Allies vs. Central Powers -
Clayton Act
Enacted to add further substance to the U.S. antitrust law regime -
Adamson Act
This act established an 8-hour work day, with additional pay for overtime workers. It was mostly targeted towards interstate railroad workers. -
Period: to
Great Depression
Economic Depression, which was world wide -
Davis-Bacon Act
United States federal law. Establishes the requirement for paying the local prevailing wages on public work projects. -
Norris-LaGuardia Act
Federal law that banned yellow-dog contracts, barred the federal courts from issuing injuctions against nonviolent labor diputes, and created a positive right of noninterference by employers against joining trade unions. Thought Yellow-Dog Contracts are unenforcable. -
Wagner Act
"National Labor Relations Act". Safeguards union organizing efforts and authorizes the national labor relations board to addure fairness. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
Introduced a maximum 44-hour, seven-day workweek, established a nataional minumum wage, guaranteed "time-and-a-half" for overtime in certain jobs, and prohibited most employment of minors in "oppressive child labor". -
CIO
Votes to expel 11 unions with almost 1 million members. -
Contract
CIO-AFL Merger- Leaders of both groups sign a contract which began a long period of unity. -
Closed Shop
Form of union security agreement under which the employer agrees to hire union members only. Employees must stay a member at all times in order to keep their job. -
Open Shop
Place of employment at which one is not required to join or financially support a union (closed shop)
