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Incorporated into the schools by the Protestant religion.
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The day the American colonies broke ties with Britian and became an independent nation
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Thomas Jefferson was a firm believer that in order for Democracy to spread, Amercians needed to be educated. The only problem with this proposal was that it allowed an advanced education for a select few after three years, girls could only have three years before preparing for marriage, and slaves could not be educated. The draft was defeated in 1817.
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Noah Webster felt that schools needed to "eliminate British textbooks from American classrooms" in order for American education and Democracy to flourish.
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Mann, who was Massachusett's Secretary of Education, found that only wealthy students could afford to stay in school longer while poorer students couldn't afford to attend at all. He wanted the elite and poor to come together.
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The Annual Cost Per-Pupil Cost: $2.81
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The majority of immigrants coming across the Atlantic were Catholic- Irish. This will later cause a religious problem with the Protestants in education.
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A dispute between the Catholic and Protestant Churches pertaining to the Protestant bibles being used in public schools. It left 13 people dead.
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The Annual Per-Pupil Cost: $4.80
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Benjamin Roberts sued the state of Boston on behalf of his five year old daughter Sarah Roberts who was not accetped to any white school close to her home because she was black. The Massachusetts Supreme Court ruled in favor of Boston.
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This end would later give way to the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson declaring seperate but equal.
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General Lee surrenders to Grant at Appamatox. This begins the literacy for slaves.
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$63 million and 7.6 million students
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There was about three million children who also arrived.
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$141 million and 12.7 million students
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Was known as the Father of Progressive Education
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This was a progressive plan instituted in Gary, Indiana that focused on the notion of work, study, and play. This curriculum kept students in motion instead of sitting all day for five to six hours.
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Democratic nominee John Highland attacked and criticized The Gary Plan for creating factory workers instead of educated citizens. Riots ensued and Gary Plan is cancelled after Highland wins the election of 1917.
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At the end of the Great War, 35 states are then required to teach in English only and in history only talk about American heroes.
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Public School expedentures during this time were $1 billion.
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Adhered to a "no one size fits all" educational philosophy. Introduced career tracking.
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Over 1 million children were tested every year for their IQ abilitites. This was also a time when 2/3 of Mexican American students were classified as slow learners and mentally retarded due to "low" IQ tests.
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Children were now required to attend school up until the age of 16.
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Was a misinterpretation of John Dewey's progressive thoughts on education. This curriculum focused on teaching students about living. For ex: It taught them when to "say goodbye" and when to have the "first kiss" and so on.
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African Americans segregated by law: 17 states
Average schooling for Mexican Americans: 5.4 years
Percentage of disabled students not enrolled in school: 72% -
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13.7%
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.095%
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9 years
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Wanted basic education to be returned. There was a conflict between progressive and traditional learning. Bestor wanted a return to traditional learning that did not focus on life as it did on the sciences and mathmatics.
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Declaring seperate but equal unconstitutional, ending segregation in public schools.
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The Govenor of Arkansas called out the National Guard rather than allow 9 black students to enter into Little Rock High School. Eisenhower sent in Federal troops to enforce Brown v. Board of Education.
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With the Russians the first to enter space, this caused great controversy in America because there was this thought that Russians were more educated in math and science.
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Eisenhower establishes the National Defense Education Act to aid public schools in focusing on high levels of math and science.
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Lyndon B. Johnson was a former teacher in Texas and was very sympethetic to the notion that an equal chance in school meant an equal chance in life. He created Federal programs to help disadvantaged students.
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An act that stated that schools could lose their federal funding if they refused to desegregate.
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This bill, created by Lyndon B. Johnson, provided $4 billion to aid disadvantaged schools.
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In Texas, 75% of Mexican Americans were dropping out of school by the 8th grade.
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An act created to meet the needs of children whose first language was not English. By 1974 the act published new books into 70 different languages and provided $68 million for bilingual programs.
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Mexican Americans in Crystal City, Texas draw up a petition to stop being treated poorly in schools by white teachers. The petition was turned down and 2/3 of the students went on strike.
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A Federal Judge ordered suburban students to bus to Detroit while Detroit students were ordered to bus to the suburban schools. About 800,000 students were affected by this. This was done in order to help with desegregation. By 1974 the case was struck down.
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Was an act just like the Civil Right Act that prohibited federal funding to schools that descriminated against gender.
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This was an experiment to creat small alternative schools within the same school building.
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51.4%
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30%
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12.5 years
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By 1982, all junior high students were asked to chose a school to attend. Whether it be alternative or regular. Also, any school that is deemed failing would be shut down.
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Between 1983 and 1984, 35 states adopted higher graduation requirements for their students with $500 million being spent in standardized testing.
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Throughout the entire 1990s, over 200 student deaths resulted from school shootings by other students.
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President George Bush calls for vouchers which will provide money to low income students so that they can have a chance to go to private schools. The vouchers would be collected through tax payers income.
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By the late 1990s, home schooling became legal in all 50 states. By 2000-2001, 2.5% of students in the country are home schooled.
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By 2000, 1/4 of secondary schools were showing Channel 1 to students. It was a 12 minute segment everyday that focused on students and advertisments.
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Between 2001 and 2002, the total number of charter schools totalled 2,100. This was growing fast compared to the stagnant 90,000 public schools.
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Between 2001 and 2002, there were 47.8 million students attending public schools with 90% enrollment.
