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Morrill Land Grant Act
Federal government passes the Morrill Act, which authorized land grants for the purpose of establishing educational institutions that offer programs for agriculture and mechanic arts. -
Morrill Maintenance Act of 1890
Ruled that funding for educational programs can come from the sale or lease of public lands. Prohibited the allocation of funding to states that made distinctions of race in admissions to learning programs, unless at least one land-grant college for African Americans, was established. This act resulted in the establishment of 19 public black colleges -
Smith-Hughes Act of 1917
Also known as the Vocational Act of 1917, this provided federal funds for teaching vocational agriculture, and home economic programs. -
George-Deen Act
Allocated $12 million for agriculture, home economics, trade and industrial education. It added distributive occupations, known today as marketing programs. $1.2 million of the monies were allotted to vocational guidance and occupational information. This included funding for supervisor travel. -
Health Amendments Act
Added Title II to the Vocational Education Act of 1946. Authorized up to $5,000,000 the next four fiscal years, to grow and improve the practical nurse training programs. This was later extended through 1965 -
National Defense Education Act
Brought forth to counteract the Soviet unions school system, which seemed advanced to ours. This act focused on training programs for STEM. Provided substantial funding for lower socioeconomic students to get loans, which augmented public and private colleges and universities. -
Vocational Education Act
Vocational education was extended to “persons of all ages in all communities." Funding for states was
determined by student population and not just field of study. Also provided more funding for academically underserved students. First act to address the issues of gender equality in vocational education. This act would later be renamed the Carl D. Perkins Act (1984) -
Job Training Partnership Act
This act replaced the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973. Established more programs for youth, and unskilled adult workers. Provided training for homeless, unemployed, elderly, and dislocated workers. Provided work experience and remedial education for kids ages 14 to 21 years old. -
Carl Perkins Vocational Education Act (Perkins I)
Provided $950 million dollars to support vocational education for four years. Over 50% of this funding went to disadvantaged individuals; handicapped people, single parents, and criminals seeking rehabilitation. A small percentage of the funds was allotted for addressing sexism in vocational education. States were required to create councils on vocational education. -
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education (Perkins II)
Extended the Perkins I for five years and increased funding by $600 million. Introduces requirement for program standards and measures. Requires State to include teacher training, curriculum development, and program assessment. Created a requirement for academic/vocational integration (Perkins I allowed funds to be used for integration but did not require integration.) Maintained special populations but emphasizes services to these populations without excess requirements. -
School-to-Work Opportunities Act
Aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of all American students by integrating academic and occupational learning, integrating school-based and work-based learning and bridging the gap between secondary and postsecondary education -
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act (Perkins III)
Amended the 1990 Perkins Act. This act focused on "improving student achievement and preparing students for post-secondary education, further learning, and careers while promoting reform" It's primary focus was to integrate vocational education with academics and enhance technology while providing for "professional development for teachers, counselors, and administrator." -
Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act (Perkins IV)
Expanded to include preparation for careers that require a baccalaureate and possibly a masters degree. Focused on high quality programs that prepare individuals for high skill, high wage, and high demand careers. Full integration of academic and career technical education; (3) on a viable sequence of courses in CTE programs. Required every state and Local Education Agency receiving funding to have a Five-Year CTE Plan. -
The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (Perkins V)
Modernized the definition of “special populations” to include homeless individuals, foster youth, anyone who has aged out of the foster care system, and youth with a parent who on active duty in the armed forces. Provided more money to states for students incarcerated in state correctional systems. Increased funding for “special reserve” to focus on rural areas, areas with high numbers or concentrations of CTE programs.