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- Heavenly Byzantine mosaics; Islamic architecture and amazing maze-like design.
- Hagia Sophia, Andrei Rublev, Mosque of Córdoba, the Alhambra
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- Celtic art, Carolingian Renaissance, Romanesque, Gothic.
- St. Sernin, Durham Cathedral, Notre Dame, Chartres, Cimabue, Duccio, Giotto.
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- Rebirth of classical culture.
- Ghiberti's Doors, Brunelleschi, Donatello, Botticelli, Leonardo, Michelangelo, Raphael
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- The Renaissance spreads north- ward to France, the Low Countries, Poland, Germany, and England.
- Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, Dürer, Bruegel, Bosch, Jan van Eyck, Rogier van der Weyden.
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- Art that breaks the rules; artifice over nature.
- Tintoretto, El Greco, Pontormo, Bronzino, Cellini.
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- Splendor and flourish for God; art as a weapon in the religious wars.
- Reubens, Rembrandt, Caravaggio, Palace of Versailles.
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- Art that recaptures Greco-Roman grace and grandeur.
- David, Ingres, Greuze, Canova.
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- The triumph of imagination and individuality.
- Caspar Friedrich, Gericault, Delacroix, Turner, Benjamin West.
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- Celebrating working class and peasants; en plein air rustic painting.
- Corot, Courbet, Daumier, Millet
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- Capturing fleeting effects of natural light.
- Monet, Manet, Renoir, Pissarro, Cassatt, Morisot, Degas.
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- A soft revolt against Impressionism.
- Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, Seurat.
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- Harsh colors and flat surfaces (Fauvism); emotion distorting form.
- Matisse, Kirchner, Kandinsky, Marc.
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- Pre– and Post–World War 1 art experiments: new forms to express modern life.
- Picasso, Braque, Leger, Boccioni, Severini, Malevich.
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- Ridiculous art; painting dreams and exploring the unconscious.
- Duchamp, Dalí, Ernst, Magritte, de Chirico, Kahlo.
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- Post–World War II: pure abstraction and expression without form; popular art absorbs consumerism.
- Gorky, Pollock, de Kooning, Rothko, Warhol, Lichtenstein.
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- Art without a center and reworking and mixing past styles.
- Gerhard Richter, Cindy Sherman, Anselm Kiefer, Frank Gehry, Zaha Hadid.