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his birth
Giuseppe Garibaldi was born in Nice which at the time was part of France, His father was a fisherman and also piloted trading vessels along the Mediterranean coast. For more than 10 years he himself was a sailor -
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He became a sailor
Garibaldi lived as a sailor in the Mediterranean and Black Sea. -
he became a merchant captain
He acquired a master’s certificate as a merchant captain. -
La Giovane Italia
Young Italy
He gets in touch with Mazzini's patriotic organization 'Young Italy 'and visits its headquarters at Marseilles. -
his first revolt
He participated in a failed Mazzinian insurrection in Piedmont. A Genoese court sentenced him to death. He escaped to Marseille. -
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South America
From Marseille, Garibaldi sailed to Brazil, where he became involved in the cause of Farrapos (Ragamuffin) rebels who were trying to proclaim another republic within Santa Catarina, Brazil. Garibaldi also became involved in the Uruguayan civil war, raising a small Italian force. Here in Uruguay, Garibaldi's forces became well known for wearing their distinctive red shirts, and they were often referred to as the 'red shirts'.He spent twelve years in South America. -
The fight for the Italian Independence
Garibaldi went back to Italy and offered his services to the Sardinian Monarch - Charles Albert. Although Garibaldi was a republican, he was willing to sacrifice his republican ideals in the hope of supporting Italian unification first. The First Italian War of Independence was unsuccessful. -
The Siege of Rome
Garibaldi was in Rome, which had just been declared a Republic, however it was under attack from French forces loyal to the Pope. At the request of Mazzini, Garibaldi led the military defence of Rome, and scarcely escaped with his life. Faced with the overwhelming numerical superiority of the French, Garibaldi had to withdraw his forces to the Apennine mountains. -
Caprera
Garibaldi returned to Italia in 1854, when he used an inheritance to buy a farm on a northern island of Sardinia. For a few years he was able to devote himself to agriculture. -
2nd War of Independence
The Second Italian War of Independence broke out and Garibaldi was appointed a major general with a guerrilla force based in the Alps. -
Campaign of 1860
As deputy for Nice in the Piedmontese parliament at Turin, he attacked Cavour for ceding Nice to Louis Napoleon, Emperor of France. He set out with a thousand volunteers called I Mille (the Thousand), or the Red, to fight against the forces of the Neapolitan Bourbons. He cconquered Sicily and crossed the Strait of Messina and after a big battle on the Volturno River, he proclaimied Victor Emanuel as King of Italy. -
The Third War of Independence
He led another volunteer army in a new war against Austria, after which Venice was joined to Italy. -
His death
He was buried in his farm on the island of Caprera
