The Geologic Time Scale

  • Period: to

    Precambrian

  • Earth's surface is cool enough for liquid water.

  • Earth's atmosphere starts to become oxygen rich.

  • Continental sheilds appear.

  • Fossils are rare.

    Fossils are rare.

  • First known multicellular life appears.

    First known multicellular life appears.

  • Stromatolites are the most common organism.

    Stromatolites are the most common organism.

  • First fungi appear.

    First fungi appear.

  • Period: to

    Paleozoic

  • Cambrian

    Cambrian

    Shelled marine invertebrates appear; trilobites and brachiopods are common. First vertebrates appear.
  • Pennsylvanian Period

    Pennsylvanian Period

    Giant cockroaches and dragonflies are common; coal deposits form; reptiles appear
  • Orodovician

    Orodovician

    Echinoderms appear; brachiopods increase; trilobites decline; graptolites flourish; atmosphere reaches modern O2-rich state.
  • Silurian

    Silurian

    Eurypterids, land plants and animals appear.
  • Mississippian Period

    Mississippian Period

    Amphibians flourish; brachiopods are common in oceans; and forests and swamps cover most land.
  • Devonian

    Devonian

    Age of fishes begins; amphibians appear; and gaint horsetails, ferns, and seed-bearing plants develop.
  • Permian

    Permian

    Pangaea videoPangaea comes together; mass extinctions mark the end of the Paleozoic Era.
  • Period: to

    Mesozoic

  • Triassic

    Triassic

    Dinosaurs appear; ammonites are common; cycads and conifers are abundant; and mammals appear.
  • Pangaea breaks apart over time

    Pangaea breaks apart over time

  • Jurassic

    Jurassic

    Dinosaurs are the dominant life form; primitive birds and flying reptiles appear.
  • Cretaceous

    Cretaceous

    Flowering plants and modern birds appear; mass extinctions mark the end of the Mesozoic Era
  • Paleocene

    Paleocene

    Age of mammels begins; first primates begin
  • Period: to

    Cenozoic

  • Eocene

    Eocene

    Horses, flying squirrels, bats. and whales appear
  • Oligocene

    Oligocene

    Deer, pigs camels, cats, and dogs appear
  • Miocene

    Miocene

    Grazing heards are abundant; raccoons and wolves appear.
  • Pliocene

    Pliocene

    Large carnivores appear