THE EVOLUTION OF MEDIA By Angelica Malinga 3300 BCE Egyptians perfect hieroglyphics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs Period: 3000 BCE to 1500 Early Innovation 1500 BCE Semites devise the alphabet 1000 BCE Egyptian papyrus, early form of paper https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus 60 BCE Acta Diurna [Day’s Events], forerunner of the newspaper https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acta_Diurna 1041 Printing by means of separate, movable characters in China 1446 Johannes Gutenberg introduces moveable type printing press in Germany 1468 William Caxton produces a book in England with the first printed advertisement https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Caxton 1500 Printing books and pamphlets increases Period: 1600 to 1800 Colonial Era and Early Republic Years http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/about 1609 First newspapers in Europe 1638 Puritans establish Cambridge Press 1690 Ben Harris prints first Colonial newspaper [Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestic] in Boston 1721 James Franklin exercises the privilege of editorial independence (The New England Courant) 1729 Ben Franklin prints money after calling for paper currency https://www.philadelphiafed.org/-/media/publications/economic-education/ben-franklin-and-paper-money-economy.pdf 1732 Franklin publishes Poor Richard's Almanack and helps create popular culture in America http://www.librarycompany.org/BFWriter/poor.htm 1741 Andrew Bradford prints American Magazine 1798 Sedition Act https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alien_and_Sedition_Acts Period: 1800 to 1900 Telegraph Era and the Start of the Industrial Revolution 1821 National magazines [The Saturday Evening Post] http://www.saturdayeveningpost.com/about 1836 William McGuffey begins writing reading textbooks http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/William_Holmes_McGuffey 1844 First telegraph line set by Samuel Morse 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin becomes the first blockbuster in U.S. book publishing 1857 James Buchanan’s Inauguration, first photographed 1858 First transatlantic cable 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone 1877 Thomas Edison invents the phonograph 1885 George Eastman invents photographic film https://www.kodak.com/global/en/corp/historyOfKodak/eastmanTheMan.jhtml?pq-path=2689&pq-locale=en_US 1894 Guglielmo Marconi invents the radio Period: 1900 to 1954 Industrial Revolution Era and Golden Ages of Radio, TV, and Movies 1920 Joseph Maxwell introduces electrical microphones 1923 Henry Luce and Briton Hadden launch Time, first newsmagazine https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine) 1923 First radio network linkup carries the World Series https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_League_Baseball_on_the_radio 1927 First TV transmission by Philo Farnsworth 1940 Audiotape is developed in Germany 1940 Digital technology, early Internet technology 1944 First large automatic digital computer is built at Harvard 1950 Black-and-white television becomes part of the average American home 1954 Color TV system is approved by the FCC 1960 Rise of FM radio and Stereo recordings and playback equipment is introduced Period: 1960 to 1969 Cold War Decade 1962 J.C.R. Licklider proposes concept of Internet http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/licklider.html 1963 Audiocassettes are introduced 1966 Telstar I satellite telephone and TV signals 1969 Neil Armstrong’s walk on the Moon is televised in color globally 1970 Email is developed Period: 1970 to 1977 Social Issues Decade 1971 Microprocessor is developed 1974 Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn, “founding fathers” of the Internet 1975 Bill Gates and Paul Allen, co-founders of Microsoft https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Microsoft 1975 VCRs are introduced 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, co-founders of Apple Computer, Inc. 1980 Fiber-optic cable 1980 Hypertext links to Web 1980 First online newspaper [Columbus Dispatch] Period: 1980 to 1989 Cable Television Decade 1981 IBM PC is introduced 1982 CDs are introduced 1985 Microsoft Windows is launched 1986 MCI Mail, first commercial email service 1989 Compaq laptop computer is launched 1990 Rise of talk radio 1990 Rise of independent film Period: 1990 to 1999 Digital Decade 1991 Sir Timothy John Berners-Lee invents the World Wide Web 1993 Marc Andreessen creates predecessor to Netscape browser 1994 Direct Broadcast Satellite service is launched 1995 Microsoft Internet Explorer is launched 1995 Amazon.com launches online shopping 1997 First news blogs are introduced 2000 Rise of cell phone use and cellular technology Period: 2000 to 2018 Age of Media Convergence 2001 iPod and MP3 format compressed digital files debut 2002 TV standard changes to digital 2002 Satellite radio is launched https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XM_Satellite_Radio 2003 Skype, a very popular instant messaging and video/voice calling service (VoIP), launches. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skype 2004 Facebook, the most popular social networking service to-date, launches. It now features a voice and video calling service, as well as a widely used instant messaging service. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facebook 2005 2005 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bebo 2006 Twitter, one of the most popular social networking sites worldwide, launches. This website was very popular in Brazil and India. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter
![Ben Harris prints first Colonial newspaper [Publick Occurrences, Both Foreign and Domestic] in Boston](https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photo/12258471/image/905d15b52b3a8bbca7129533f67106f0?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAJB6ZCNNAN7BE7WDQ%2F20250914%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250914T104329Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=74d6fc952b1a31dfe07bd244eab0d42b138b18c1672ffab851bb3f3fc46f0df3)
![First online newspaper [Columbus Dispatch]](https://s3.amazonaws.com/s3.timetoast.com/public/uploads/photo/12258839/image/6afbb7d6e2adfad41120837c5e3a8145?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAJB6ZCNNAN7BE7WDQ%2F20250914%2Fus-east-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20250914T104329Z&X-Amz-Expires=604800&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=27ea34a8b00df6d69c5185875f6a3bc039125625045f51822c91e19699868258)
