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Brown Vs. Board of Education occurred to fight segregation in public schools. One of the cases of the Supreme Court involved a girl named Linda Brown. Linda wasn't able to attend school near by because of her race which enabled her parents to suing the school board. The Fourteenth Amendment deemed the school boards actions unconstitutional and the Brown family won their case. This was considered a major victory for the civil rights movement and overturning segregation laws. -
The Montgomery Bus Boycott all began when Rosa Parks decided to not give up her seat for a white man. Rosa Parks actions caused an uproar and gave perspective on the inequality that was going on at the time. For the boycott they elected a pastor named Martin Luther King Jr. to be their leader. Peaceful protests were being encouraged and their nonviolent battle was effective, Alabama laws required segregation on buses unconstitutional. -
In Little Rock Arkansas 9 African American students won a court case allowing them to attend an all white high school. Angry mobs gathered everyday and troops were sent in by Orval Faubus to intimidate the students from entering the school. After hearing about all of the violence that occurred President Eisenhower sent troops over to surround the school and allow the students to enter. This challenged the federal government and was the first challenge to the constitution since the Civil War. -
The Sit-In Movement began with 4 freshman who would discuss the civil rights movement. They one day decided to sit at a whites only lunch counter and sat there everyday till they received the same service as whites. The 4 students who stood their ground turned into 300 starting a new civil rights movement. Sit-Ins spread to 9 states and 54 cities within 2 months and in over 100 cities by 1961. -
The Freedom Riders consisted of college students who decided to travel south to raise awareness of refusal of integration on bus terminals. They were mobbed and beaten brutally by multiple people multiple times and got national news coverage. The effort to be activists in the civil rights movement and being beaten countless times displayed how hard African Americans were fighting for a change. -
James Meredith was an African American air force veteran who wanted to attend the university of Mississippi. Failing to comply with the end of segregation on education he was denied access of education by the university and the governor of Mississippi. President Kennedy dispatched 500 marshals to help James Meredith attend class. -
The March on Washington was a movement to raise publicity about the civil rights bill. On August 28th over 200,000 demonstrators went to the capital and listened to speeches and sang songs. Martin Luther King had made his famous speech that day about equality and freedom for all Americans. His speech went down in history at the march and became a momentum for the civil rights movement. -
Malcom X was the symbol of Black Power in the 1960's. While he was in prison he completely transformed and joined the Nation of Islam. Malcom X's judgement towards mainstream civil rights movements was major publicity for the Nation of Islam. After everything he decided to cut ties with the Nation of Islam and was killed because of that. His influence led to the Black Panthers organization which also led to impact on the civil rights movement. -
Voting was a struggle amongst the minorities. Even though the Civil Rights Acts was passed voting rights weren't included. African Americans would try to step up their voting registration but would be attacked, beat, and killed as well as had their churches destroyed. Another protest was arranged by Dr. King to protect their voting rights. The peaceful protest lead to an attack which was known as "Bloody Sunday." President Johnson was enraged and passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965. -
70% of African Americans lived in large cities in poverty. Due to the areas they were forced to live they often got low paying jobs leaving little room for success. The average income of an African American was a little more than half of what a white person would make. The term Black Power was created to give pride to African Americans and a good representation of Black Power is the Black Panthers who believed a revolution was necessary and preached it to help make a change in the movement.
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