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A girl, Linda Brown, was denied registration to a school in Kansas because of her race, resulting in her family suing the school board. The School board concluded that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional and violated the 14th amendment. This inspired many African Americans to stand up to segregation and their rights. -
Highly reputable Americans formed the Montgomery Improvement Association to boycott and end segregation by forceful appeal to the city leaders. They boycotted continuously for a year while the African Americans carpooled or walked to their destinations. As a result the Supreme Court ruled laws in Alabama on segregation in buses was unconstitutional. -
A School Board in Little Rock, Arkansas won a court case that allowed nine African American students to be registered to a school with over 2000 white students. This was in opposition to Governor Faubus's beliefs and so he ordered troops from the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the 9 students from being admitted to the school. Then Eisenhower spoke with the governor about this and had the troops removed. They fled and Eisenhower federalized the Arkansas National Guard. -
The Sit-in Movement was a confrontation to segregation from four young African Americans by the names of Joseph McNeil, Ezell Blair Jr. , David Richmond, and Franklin McCain. They were able to put together a sit-in at the Woolworth's store that spread quickly, by the end of the week 300 students had joined. They went on to organize a group called the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. The group helped to equate many public facilities in the South and helped to register voters. -
A man by the name of James Farmer requested that some African Americans and some white people to travel to the south in order to draw attention to the refusal to integrate bus terminals. These individuals became the Freedom Riders. They rode on many interstate buses and were attacked by mobs of angry white people. To end the violence, President Kennedy negotiated with Senator James Eastland. In time these events caused the end of segregate in interstate bus travel. -
James Meredith was an African American air force veteran. He tried to transfer to the University of Mississippi, however Ross Barnett, the governor of Mississippi, tried to prevent it. President Kennedy then sent 500 marshals to actually escort Meredith to the campus. James was able to later on graduate under federal guard
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Dr. King and 200k people marched into the nation's capital and gathered near the Lincoln Memorial. There King delivered a speech about his dream for all freedom and equality. The event lead to the passing of the Civil Rights bill. -
Malcom X became a symbol for black power in the early 1960's. While his work with Black Muslims was inspiring and influential to African Americans to take pride in their own culture, he was eventually assassinated. His work inspired the Black Panthers to form. Dr. King was assassinated in 1968 and it took this event to happen for the passing of the Civil Rights Act to go through. -
African Americans fighting for voting rights were often beaten and attacked. Dr. King was the recipient of the Nobel Peace Price, afterward he announced a speech which resulted in 2,000 African Americans being arrested, including school children. To further appeal to Congress to enact, King aligned himself with the SNCC and set up a march. In 1965, the senate passed the the Voting Rights Act.
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Even African Americans living in the urban areas were victims of racism. Many of them looked up to and were inspired by Malcom X. His ideal had a heavy influence on the Black Panthers; Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, and Eldridge Cleaver. These individuals were strongly in favor of action and even a revolution to take place. They urged African Americans to be armed and have the will to force the whites for equal rights. Overall they wanted to end all racial discrimination.
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