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A series of floods and crop failures in southern China lead to poverty and threat of famine among peasant farmers. Over 20,000 Chinese enter California.
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The economic hardships is due to the growing British dominance over China after Britain defeated China in the Opium War
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Gold was discovered in California in 1848, eventually attracting thousands of Chinese miners and contract laborers.
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California imposes Foreign Miner's Tax and enforces it mainly against Chinese miners, who were often forced to pay more than once.
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A total of $2 billion worth of precious metal was extracted from the area during the Gold Rush, which peaked in 1852.
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The California Supreme Court case ruled that the testimony of a Chinese man who witnessed a murder by a white man was inadmissible.
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The Chinatown-International District of Seattle, in Washington, is an ethnic enclave neighborhood and is the center of Seattle's Asian American community.
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Transcontinental railroad is completed. Chinese laborers build most of the western section.
First Japanese settlers arrive in Gold Hill, California. -
Yellow Peril was a color metaphor for race, namely the theory that Asian peoples are a mortal danger to the rest of the world. In the 1870s, working-class whites in California demanded that the U.S government stop the immigration of "filthy yellow hordes" from China who were supposedly responsible for the economic depression by taking away jobs from white Amerians.
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The Chinese Exclusion Act was a United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur. Chinese Exclusion Act suspends immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years. Excludes Chinese from citizenship by naturalization and halts Chinese immigration for 60 years.They were forbidden to bring their family in the USA, to marry to white people, and got their own lands.
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From 1910-1940, Angel Island (located in San Francisco Bay, California) established as a detention center for those Asian non-laboring classes desiring entry in the United States.
The U.S. Supreme Court extends the 1870 Naturalization Act to other Asians, making them aliens ineligible for citizenship. Chinese immagration end when the Administration Building burned to the ground in August 1940 -
In 1939 when Don Lee was 11, he found himself on Angel Island, eating foreign food and being interrogated by immigration officials.
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The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941. The attack led to the United States' entry into World War II. After declaring war on Japan, 2000 Japanese community leaders along Pacific Coast states and Hawaii are rounded up and interned in Department of Justice camps.
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President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signs Executive Order 9066, putting 120,000 Japanese (primarily U.S. citizens) in 10 concentration camps during World War II
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Vincent Chin, a Chinese American, was beaten to death. His murder became a rally point for Asian Americans. Vincent Chin's murder is often considered the beginning of a pan-ethnic Asian American movement.
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President Ronald Reagan signs Civil Liberties Act of 1988 apologizing for Japanese American internment and provide reparations of $20,000 to each victim.
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The US president writes a letter in which he makes apologies to the camps survivors.
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San Piedro, a small island in the Pacific Northwest, is home to salmon fishermen and strawberry farmers. It is also home to many Japanese-Americans. Snow Falling on Cedars opens in Judge Lew Fielding's courtroom as the trial of one of these Japanese-Americans, Kabuo Miyamoto, who is on trial for killing fellow fisherman Carl Heine, Jr., commences.
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Pearl Harbor is a 2001 American war film with romance and action elements directed by Michael Bay, produced by Jerry Bruckheimer and written by Randall Wallace.
Pearl Harbor is a dramatic retelling of the Blitz (7 September 1940 – 21 May 1941 : "lightning war" => German strategic failure), the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and the Doolittle Raid (18 April 1942 => First attack on Japanese Mainland).
View the trailer :
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Shanghai Girls is divided into three parts: Fate, Fortune, and Destiny. Here See treats Chinese immigration from a personal view through Pearl's narration. In On Gold Mountain she objectively placed 100 years of her Chinese family history in the context of the daunting challenges Chinese immigrants faced in coming to America in search of Gold Mountain. America's mistreatment of Chinese immigrants is stressed in both memoir and novel
