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Frances Willard
Frances Willard was a 19th century radical feminist & social progressive. She was an educator, temperance reformer, and women's suffragist. Her influence was instrumental in the passage of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. -
Clarence Darrow
Clarence Darrow was a lawyer who worked as defense counsel in many dramatic criminal trials. He was also a public speaker and debater. -
William Jennings Bryan
After helping Woodrow Wilson secure the Democratic presidential nomination for 1912, he served as Wilson’s secretary of state until 1914. In his later years, Bryan campaigned for peace, prohibition and suffrage, and increasingly criticized the teaching of evolution. -
Henry Ford
He changed the ways of mass production, making it easier and cheaper. This was a big advance in the 1920's. -
Marcus Garvey
He was an orator for the Black Nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League. -
Dorothea Lange
Dorothea Lange was an influential American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration. (pictured on the side is one of her most famous photos) -
Tin Pan Alley
The name given to the collection of New York City music publishers and songwriters who dominated the popular music of the United States in the late 19th century and early 20th century. -
Social Darwinism
Social Darwinism is the belief that all personal and social problems were inherited. The believers of social Darwinism thought poverty and many other social ills were the result of bad genes. In the 1920s, eugenics movements were popular in many countries, including the United States and Germany. -
Langston Hughes
He was and American poet, novelist, and playwright whose African-American themes made him a primary contributor to the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. -
Federal Reserve Act
The original Federal Reserve Act became law in December 1913. The “Federal” in the title implied that the law applied to the whole country, and “Reserve” emphasized the new institution’s role as a reserve holder and reserve supplier for the commercial banking system. -
The Great Migration
The relocation of more than 6 million African Americans from the rural South to the cities of the North, from 1916 to 1970, had a huge impact on urban life in the United States. Driven from their homes by unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregationist laws, many blacks headed north, where they took advantage of the need for industrial workers after WWII. -
Prohibition
Congress passed the 18th amendment; was meant to reduce liquor/alcohol consumption. There were setbacks like increase in organized crime, poisoning from homemade liquor, etc... 1933: congress passed 21st amendment ending prohibition. -
Harlem Renaissance
Flourishing of African American musical, literary, and artistic talent (from 1920's to mid 1930's). Changed many perceptions of blacks. Major figures were Hughes, Johnson, Hurston, Cullen, and McKay. -
Jazz Music
The period from the end of the First World War until the start of the Depression in 1929 is known as the "Jazz Age". Jazz had become popular music in America, although older generations considered the music immoral and threatening to old cultural values. -
1st red scare
Shortly after the end of World War I and the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia, the Red Scare took hold in the United States. A nationwide fear of communists suddenly errupted in 1919 following a series of anarchist bombings. The nation was gripped in fear and innocent people were jailed for expressing their views, and civil liberties were ignored. -
Warren G. Harding’s “Return to Normalcy”
In the early 1920s, weary from fighting a world war and disillusioned by the failure of Wilson’s plans to create a new world order, Americans sought stability. Popular support for Republicans grew, since Republicans promised a “return to normalcy.” Republicans ceased to promise progressive reforms and instead aimed to settle into traditional patterns of government. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome scandal of the 1920s (1921-1922) involved national security, big oil companies and bribery and corruption at the highest levels of the government of the United States. It was the most serious scandal in the country’s history. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
Tennessee's Butler Act prohoibited teaching Darwinian Evolution but Biology teacher John Scopes taught it in class and was arrested. The trial was so big it was held on a courthouse lawn. The Jury found Scopes guilty but the verdict was overturned in 1927 and the Act repealed in 1967. -
Charles A. Lindbergh
Lindbergh, Charles Augustus (1902-1974), an American aviator, made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean. Other pilots had crossed the Atlantic before him, but Lindbergh was the first person to do it in 1927, Lindbergh published "We", a book about his transatlantic flight. The title referred to Lindbergh and his plane. Lindbergh flew throughout the United States to encourage air-mindedness on behalf of the Daniel Guggenheim Fund for the Promotion of Aeronautics. -
“Relief, Recovery, Reform”
FDR's aspects of the "New Deal" plan. -
The Great Depression
The immediate casue was the Stock market crash, but there were also drops in farm prices, uneven distribution of income, and overextension of credit that led to many people's economic demise. -
Stock Market Crash "Black Tuesday"
Black Tuesday hit Wall Street as investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors. America and the rest of the industrialized world spiraled downward into the Great Depression. -
The Dust Bowl
Name given to area where there was sand/dust storms (Oklahoma, Texas, Kansas...). Was caused by poor farming habits and prolonged drought. -
The New Deal
Nickname given to FDR's economic program after his nomination speech -
Franklin D. Roosevelt
He became president just as Great Depression was starting. He wanted to restore confidence in people and asked fro broas executive powers to combat the Depression. He created and economic program- "The New Deal" for relief, recovery and reform. -
20th amendment
The 20th amendment is a simple amendment that sets the dates at which federal (United States) government elected offices end. In also defines who succeeds the president if the president dies. -
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Created to assist Tennessee Valley Area and provided flood control and cheap hydroelectric power. It also protected social and economic welfare of people. -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FCIC)
The FDIC insures deposits and was created in 1933 in response to the thousands of bank failures that occurred in the 1920s and early 1930s. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was an American politician, diplomat, and activist. She was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, wife of FDR. -
21st Amendment
The Twenty-first Amendment to the Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol -
Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC)
Laws required truth in sales of securities and fair treatment of investors. Provided market stability and protected investors. -
Social Security Administration (SSA)
Provided for old age pensions, unemployment insurance, and aid to dependents. Funded by Payroll tax.
