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Hans Lippershey discovered the curved mirror and put it against an eyeglass lense and it became magnified.
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Nicolaus Copernicus discovered that not just Earth orbits the sun.
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Galileo discovered that Jupiter does have moons and many of them.
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Galileo discovered that Saturn the planet has it's own rings orbitting around it.
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William Herschel discovered that our galaxy is made of stars in a disk shape.
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Edwin Hubble discovered that there are other galaxies beyond us.
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Aleksander Wolszczan discovered exoplanets in our universe. Exoplanets are planets that orbit stars in other solar systems.
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The Kepler space rover went into space to discover other planets that orbit other stars. (exoplanets)
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Babcock discovered dark matter in space.Itś invisible but the objects behind it let us determine it exists.