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Nonviolent Protest
Rosa Parks, December 1, 1955
Martin Luther King Jr
embraced the teachings of Gandhi
Boycott Montgomery’s bus system
381 days -
Election of 1956
Democratic candidate: Adlai E Stevenson Republican: Eisenhower re-nominated again Campaign uneventful Eisenhower: 457 electoral votes 35,581,003 votes
Stevenson: 73 electoral votes 25,738,765 votes -
African American students
9 African American students attempt to enroll at all white Central High School -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
1st civil rights legislature since Reconstruction
Civil Rights Section of Justice Department
Civil Rights Commission -
Eisenhower Doctrine
Country could request American economic assistance and/or aid from US military forces if it was being threatened by armed aggression from another state. -
Sputnik
Soviets launched Sputnik
Broadcasted beeps back to earth for 23 days Result: increase defense spending and stablish crash program to enhance science education and military research NASA
National Defense Education Act -
Election of 1960
Republican insider: Richard Nixon
Democratic Newcomer: John F Kennedy Televised Presidential debates
Kennedy: well-tanned and rested
Nixon: recovering from knee injury Kennedy: 303 electoral votes 34,200,000 popular votes
Nixon: 219 electoral votes 34,100,000 popular votes -
Civil Rights
February 1, 1960: Greensboro, NC
Sit-in at Woolworth’s lunch counter Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Freedom rides
Aim: call attention to blatant violations of Supreme Court rulings -
Soviets attacks
Soviets shot down American U-2 Spy plan -
Bay of Pigs
“Wars of national liberation”
CIA trained Cuban exiles -
Bay of Pigs
Landed and crushed
Kennedy went to American people and took responsibility for the fiasco US and Soviet relations deteriorated -
March on Washington
Political rally
“I Have a Dream” Speech
Key moment in growing struggle for civil rights -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission Outlawed racial segregation in public facilities such as bus terminals, restaurants, theaters, and hotels -
Economic Opportunity Act, 1964
Give people the tools to get out of Poverty Job Corps Head Start -
Housing and Development Act of 1965
Department of Housing and Urban Development
Provided aid to cities to rebuild blighted areas