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From 1801-1805, North African pirates waged war on the U.S. after Jefferson didn't pay tribute to protect American ships.
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First supreme court decision to declare federal law, the judiciary act, unconstitutional. This case established the supreme court's power to check the power of the other branches of government as well as judicial review.
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President Thomas Jefferson purchased Louisiana from France for $15 million, doubling the size of the U.S.
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From 1804-1806, to learn more about the Louisiana territory Jefferson asked congress to fund an expedition the find the most practicable water communication across the continent.
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This was the first time congress declared war. This was between Britain and America over American shipping rights and British inspired Indian attacks on American settlements.
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During the first half of the 19th century, large scale manufacturing and commercial agriculture emerged, displacing much of the pre-market subsistence.
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Established after the First National Bank's charter expired; it stabilized the economy by creating a national currency. They made loans to farmers, small manufacturers, and entrepreneurs a well as regulated the ability of state banks to issue their own paper currency.
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Legislatie decision to make Missouri a slave state while also making it illegal west of the Mississippi River and north of the parallel 36*30'.
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An organization formed to organize all local trade unions into a stronger national association. It later dissolved in the late 1830s due to economic depression.
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System of electronic communication invented by Samuel F. B. Morse, that could transport messages instantly across great distances. By the end of the 1840s, many major cities had and benefited from telegraph lines.