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Kazantzidis was born at 29 August 1931 in Nea Ionia, Athens, Greece.
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He was orphaned at the age of 13 when his father, a member of the Greek Resistance, was tortured to death by the rightists. This forced Kazantzidis to work in various jobs. His life changed when the owner of a factory, which was located in the Perissos working district, gave him a guitar.
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He made his first public appearance at a Kifissia night club in the early 1950s
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In July 1952, made his first studio recording at Columbia studios with a song entitled "I'm going for a swim", written by Apostolos Kaldaras.
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At 9 December 1952 the song, The suitcases, by Giannis Papaioannou becomes a great success and the Kazantzidis phenomenon begins.
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At 31 Μαρτίου 1956 he collaborated with Vassilis Tsitsanis and sang the songs "Cloudy Sunday", "Bakse Tsifliki" and "Ta Kavourakia".
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Stelios Kazantzidis married Marinella on 7 May 1964 and they toured together in Germany and the United States. The two of them became a legendary duo.
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In 1965, Kazantzidis, whilst at the peak of his career, decided to stop appearing in nightclubs.
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In September 1966 he divorced Marinella, and they recorded their last duets ("Mh Mou Lete Gia Authn", "Apopse Se Eho Stin Agalia Mou" and "I Kardia Tis Manas") for Philips the following year.
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In 1968, Kazantzidis recorded "Nyhterides Ki Arahnes", written by newcomer Hristos Nikolopoulos , and after this he sang "Sto Trapezi Pou Tha Pino", "Pare T' Ahnaria", "Tha Kopso to Telefono" and "Kai Oi Andres Klene"
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In 1971, Kazantzidis and Christos Kolokotronis (music and lyrics respectively) created the anthem of AEK performed by Mimis Papaioannou: "Nikiste - Nikiste".
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In 1973 he collaborated with songwriter Akis Panou and released an album with six songs,including one of his biggest hits, "I zoi mou oli"
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In 1975 he recorded another one of his biggest hits, "Iparho", penned by Pythagoras.
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In 1987 he recorded again for the first time after 12 years , the album " O dromos tis epistrofis".
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Kazantzidis died of a brain tumor on 14 September 2001.