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History of Special Education
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Brown v. Board of Education
This was an important event during the Civil Rights Movement. The ruling of the Court was in favor of minorities, particularly African Americans. The ruling ordered for the doing away of segregated public schools, stating that the segregation of children in schools due to characteristics that can not be changed was unconstitutional and unjust. -
PARC v. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
This class action suit was the result of the Pennsylvania Association for Retarded Children taking action against the state's board of education for failing to comply with its obligation to provide a publicly supported education for children with mental retardation.
A consent agreement was made that all children with mental retardation between the ages of 6 and 21 had to be provided with a free education, in an environment most like one their non-disabled peers were being educated in. -
Mills v. Board of Education
This class action suit was the result of a group of parents and guardians of seven out-of-school children with disabilities taking action against the District of Columbia's board of education.
The end result was the board of education being ordered to provide all children with disabilities a publicly supported education. -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
This section of the Rehabilitation Act allows qualified students to receive special education services, and a free appropriate public education that is suitable to their individual needs. -
The Education For All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
Along with this act came five rights that qualified children with disabilities were granted:
-nondiscriminatory testing, evaluation, and placement procedures,
-to be educated in the least restrictive environment,
-procedural due process, including parent involvement,
-a free education, &
-an appropriate education -
Public Law 99-457 Makes Changes to EAHCA
This change to the EAHCA required each state to provide services for children with disabilities from birth, and no longer only starting at three years old. -
Public 101-476 Makes Changes to EAHCA
Two important things came to be because of this change:
-The addition of TBI and autism as disability categories
-The addition of an ITP to an IEP, which would be designed to help students adjust to post-secondary life -
The EAHCA becomes IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act)
Important changes were made to allow access to the same curriculum by all students, and the definition for "developmental delay" was updated to include children ages 6 to 9. -
No Child Left Behind Act
An update of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, this act provides financial support to schools in exchange for better academic performance from certain groups, including ELLs and students in special education. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
Changes made to IDEA:
-Purpose, to include the preparation of students with disabilities for further education
-Definition of "transition services", to include a focus on helping children with disabilities to succeed
-Updates to IEPs
