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Brown V. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of education is a monumental court case in education that contributed to the civil rights movement. The supreme court ruled against the Plessy v. Ferguson case of 1896, ruling that segregated schools were inherently unequal. Segregated schools violated the equal protection rights guaranteed under the 14th amendment. While it didn't completely desegregate schools, it began a movement towards equal education for all. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/supremecourt/rights/landmark_brown.html -
Elementary and Special Education Act
This act was enacted in effort to provide all students with equal opportunity in education. It was signed into law by president Lyndon B. Johnson. It provided federal assistance, programs and guidance in working with students with disabilities, students who were having difficulties learning, students who are English language learners etc.
http://www.k12.wa.us/esea/ -
Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act
This is a civil rights law that protects a broader range of individuals with disabilities or impairments than IDEA. It provides students qualified under 504 with a free and appropriate public education and accommodations to help them achieve this. As long as the institution or program is receiving federal funding, 504 applies. A 504 plan is temporary and can extend past high school and the age of 21, which differs from IDEA.
http://www.parentcenterhub.org/repository/section504/ -
Education for all Handicapped Children Act
The education for all Handicapped Children Act, which is now know as IDEA, guaranteed a free and appropriate public education (FAPE) for ALL students. This required schools to place students in the least restrictive environment (LRE) and provide students with special needs with individual education plans (IEPs) in order to provide them with equal opportunities as their peers.
http://www.specialednews.com/special-education-dictionary/eha---education-for-all-handicapped-children-act.htm -
BOE of the Hendrick Hudson Central School District v. Rowley
Amy Rowley was student with deafness who had an IEP. The school district didn't provide Amy with an interpreter and her family argued that this was denying Amy her free and appropriate public education. The supreme court ruled against the Rowley family explaining that she in fact was receiving an appropriate education. An interpreter was later added under related services in IDEIA 2004.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Board-of-Education-of-the-Hendrick-Hudson-Central-School-District-v-Rowley -
Americans with Disabilities Act
This act guarantees equal opportunities and protections for individuals with disabilities in:
*Employment including job accommodations necessary to make the work place accessible
*Government institutions including public transportation systems, receiving or not receiving federal funds
*Public and commercial facilities through accommodations to make the facilities accessible
*Telecommunication companies
https://adata.org/learn-about-ada -
IDEA 1997 Amendments
Significant Amendments:
*Firs to use person-first language
*Outlines due process for parents and schools to resolve complaints or disagreements during students evaluation or while receiving special education services
https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oii/nonpublic/idea1.html -
No Child Left Behind Law
This was signed into law by president George W. Bush in efforts to make American education as strong in international competition and to increase accountability in student performance. It increased federal role in education and emphasized raising test score of English language learners, students with disabilities, minority students, and students below the poverty line.
http://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html -
IDEIA 2004- Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
Key amendments to IDEIA 2004 include guidelines on:
*Inc. accountability for student achievement, dec. disproportionality
*Parental involvement in referral process and students' education
*Free, early intervention services
*Continuum of placements for students (LRE)
*Includes an interpreter in related services
*Discipline regulations
https://www.cec.sped.org/Policy-and-Advocacy/Current-Sped-Gifted-Issues/Individuals-with-Disabilities-Education-Act/A-Primer-on-the-IDEA-2004-RegulationsIDEA
