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Sputnik program
On October 4, 1957 the frist sputnik satellite sent into orbit. Sputnik was created by Mikhail Tikhonravov and Yuri Gargarin a Soviet Union’s air force pilot. Sputnik occured in Moscow, Russia. This happned beacuse the Soviet Union’s air force wanted to win the “Space Race” against the U.S, and was acomplished by hardwork. -
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The Pioneer Program
Between Aug. 17, 1958 (the launch of the frist pinnor that was unsuccessful) and (the last last signal to Earth from Pioneer 10) Jan. 22, 2003. The pinnors were a NASA project and were manufactured by TRW. The Pineer program was a series of American unmanned spacecrafts that were sent into space for different missions, and that they were made to collect data. America was the only country involed with the pioneer program. Pioneer 10 passes Jupiter on December 10, 1973. -
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Mercury program
The Mercury program was done by 7 (Mercury) astronauts, John H. Glenn Jr., and NASA. It was the U.S’s first man-in-space program, and allowed astronauts to remain in space (More than a day). Only the US was involed with Mercury, and it happned between October 1958-1963. It was done to observe human performance -
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Venera Probes
The Venera Probes last between 1961(plan started) to1983 (when the last probe arrived at Venus).The Venera Probes was created by the Soviet Union, and was lanched from the Soviet Union to Venus. The Venera Probes were 16 probes that were sent out to Venus, but not all of them succeeded, and the probes analyzed chemistry, cloud movements, pressure, and temperature. They were sent to explore Venus and they did this by haveing special scientific attachments, like Ion Traps. -
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Mariner Program
The Mariner Program between first Mariner launched July 22, 1962 to Last Mariner (Mariner 10) launched May 30, 1971 which a 9 year span. The Mariner Program was made by NASA and was launched from Washington D.C. in the United States. The Mariner Program was a probe used to capture pictures of Mars, Mercury, and Venus, to know what they look like. The Mariner Program was made because NASA wanted pictures of Mars, Mercury, and Venus, and happened because NASA developed right technology. -
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Gemini Program
Between Apr. 8, 1964 (the frist take off) and Nov. 15, 1966 (the last landing the Gemini Program was in action. it was created by NASA and was managed by Manned Spacecraft Center. It also allowed two astronauts in one spacecraft, and practiced techniques of rendezvous. It was launched from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Launch Complex 19 Florida, and was made to develop the U.S’s ability to maneuver in space. -
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Viking Probes
The Viking Probes happened between 1968 (when the project started) to November 13, 1982 (when NASA lost signal with the Viking 1).The Viking Probes were made by NASA, and they explored mars (two parts lander, and orbiter). This allowed us to find no proof of life on Mars, and record Mar's climate and Significant geographic figures such as volcanoes, crevasses, and what could have been lakes. This occured on Mars and was launched from NASA's Langley Research Center in Hampton , VA. -
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Space Exploration
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Space Stations
Space stations took place between April 19, 1971 (The first space station, was launche) to present day. 15 nations are involved with the space stations, and they are located right outside the earths atnesfer. They are used to test specimens of protein crystals.
Important Dates-
1971 First space station to orbit – Russian Salyut 1
1973 Second space station to orbit – American Skylab
1986 Third space station to orbit – Russian Mir
1998 ISS was made (International Space Station) -
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Voyager probe 2
Voyager probe 2 was made by NASA and cost 250 million dollars to make. its was made to coutinue #1 research. It also uses less fuel by using gravity assist. Voyager probe 2 was launched August 20, 1977.
Importante dates
• Jupiter- July 9 1979
• Saturn-Aug 26 1981
• Uranus 24 Jan 1989
• Neptune- Aug. 24th, 1989 -
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Voyager probe 1
Voyager probe 1 was built by NASA. It studied Saturn’s ring, cost $250 million dollars, and took close images of Saturn. The Voyager probe 1 was launched into space on 9/5/1977 and is still in space. It also runs off of radioactive material. -
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The space shuttle
The space shuttle had it's frist first on April 12, 1981 and a last flight on July 21, 2011. It was made by NASA, and it was 5 space shuttles (The Atlantis, The Columbia, The Challenger, Discovery, and The Endeavour) that flew to Mars, close to the Sun, Venus, Mercury, and Jupiter. It happened at Kennedy Space Center. The space shuttle happened because scientests wanted to explore unknown areas of space
and get samples of unknown rocks, and liquids. -
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Magellan Spacecraft
The Magellan Spacecraft took place between May 4, 1989 (Magellan Spacecraft was launched) to (the end of the mission) October 13, 1994. NASA made the Magellan Spacecraft, and took plavce in Pasadena, California. The Magellan Spacecraft mapped out 98% of Venus and took many pictures. It was made to measure Venus’ gravity, which it did end up doing. -
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Galileo Space craft
The Galileo Space craft was lanched on October 19, 1889, and reached Jupiter on December 7, 1995, though its work ended when it crashed into Jupiter on September 21, 2003. The Galileo Space craft was built by NASA, and took place in the US, and Europe. It was the first spacecraft to fly past an asteroid and find an asteroid moon, and recorded information about Jupiter and it’s moons. It happned because scientist thought Jupiter could answer many questions about the universe. -
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Hubble Telescope
The Hubble Telescope was built by NASA and the European Space Agency. The hubble has allowed us to larn about Dark energy, stars, glaxies, and allowed an estimation of the age of universe, which is about 13-14 billion years old. Only the US and Europe helped with making hubble. Hubble was launched into space by NASA on Apirl 24th, 1990, and is still in space today. Hubble was built so scientests couldlearn more about the universes because the Hubble takes pictures of what it sees. -
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NEAR Mission
The Near Mission was made by NASA and EROS. The goal was to answer questions about asteroid near earth, by using advance technology. It launched the Frist spacecraft to land on an asteroid, and was the frist discovery mission. -
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Cassini Mission
The Cassini mission was made to explore Saturn and its biggest moon Titian, and cost 3.3 billion dollars.USA and 17 European countries were involed with Cassini. The Cassini Mission was made to study Saturn and its moon.
Importante Dates
Cassini Launched October 15th, 1997
Cassini entered orbit around Saturn on June 30, 2004,
Cassini will go until September 2017 -
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Genesis Spacecraft
The Genesis Spacecraft was made to collect solar winds, so we could know what the sun is made of, and if other plants made of the same material. It launched from Forida, 8/8/01 and crashed landed 9/8/04. Nasa built the Genesis Spacecraft. -
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Mars Exploration Rover
Mars Exploration Rover happened between June 10, 2003 (when Spirit was launched) and May 25, 2011 (when NASA stoped communication with the unresponsive rover). NASA made it and took place in space, but was built on Earth. It was two rovers; Spirit and Opportunity, that took pictures of Mars, and learned about presence of water-containing and iron-containing rocks and minerals on Mars. This happened because scientest were searching for the history of the water on Mars.