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Democritus - 460 BCE
Democritus was born in the city of Abdera in Thrace. The theory of Democritus stated that everything is composed of atoms which are physically but not geometrically indivisible. Democritus along with Leucippus and Epicurus proposed the earliest views on the shapes and connectivity of atoms. They reasoned that solidness of materials corresponded to the shape of atoms. Democritus also expanded the atomic theory of Leucippus.
https://the-history-of-the-atom.wikispaces.com/Democritus -
Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton was a well known scientist and a key figure in the scientific revolution. He formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation which dominated scientists view of physical universe for next three centuries. In 1679 Newton worked on celestial mechanics by considering gravitation and its effects on the orbits of planets. Newton is also known for his three laws of motion.
http://www.universetoday.com/38643/what-did-isaac-newton-discover/ -
John Dalton
John Dalton was born in England on 6 September 1766. He studied atoms and it resulted in him making the Atomic Theory to explain the nature of matter. The main points in Atomic Theory were as follows:
All matter is made of small, indivisible particles called atoms.
Atoms cannot be subdivided, created or destroyed.
Atoms of a given element are identical in size, mass and shape.
Atoms of different elements have different
http://www.universetoday.com/38169/john-daltons-atomic-model/ -
Sir William Crookes
Sir William Crookes was born on 17 June 1832 in London England. He worked in both chemistry as well as physics fields. He was pioneer of vacuum tubes, inventing the Crookes tubes. He was also the inventor of Crookes radiometre. In his investigations of conduction of electricity in low pressure gasses, he discovered that as the pressure was lowered, the negative cathode emitted rays known as cathode rays. Thus he discovered cathode rays in
1870.
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/143944/S -
J.J. Thomson
Joseph John Thomson was born in Manchester, United Kingdom on 18 December 1856. He discovered the electron in a series of experiments designed to study the nature of electric discharge in a high-vaccum cathode ray tube. During his research he also discovered that atoms are made from a combination of different subatomic particles.He received a Noble Prize for Physics in 1906.
http://education-portal.com/academy/lesson/jj-thomsons-cathode-ray-tube-crt-definition-experiment-diagram.html#lesson -
Ernest Rutherford
Ernest Rutherford was born in Brightwater, New Zealand on August 30, 1871. Rutherford and Hans Gieger worked closely together in 1907 and 1908 in the detection of alpha particles. He discovered the nucleus of the atom in 1911. He discovered alpha and beta rays, set forth the laws of radioactive decay.Rutherford worked with J.J. Thomson on the conductive effects of X-Rays on gases. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1921.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1908/ruther -
Niels Bohr
Neils Bohr was a Danish Physicist who made significant contributions in understanding atomic structure and quantam theory. He developed the Bohr model of atoms, in which he stated that energy levels of electrons are discrete and they revolve in stable orbits around atomic nucleus. He proposed his theory when he was 28 years old. in 1922 he won Noble Prize in Physics.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1922/bohr-bio.html -
James Chadvick
James Chadvick was born on October 20, 1891 in Bollington, Chesshire. He was Rutherford's student who refined the concept of nucleus. James Chadwick showed that in a reaction a neutral particle with a mass of about that portion was emitted. Rutherford stated that such particle could exist in nuclei. This particle was thus discovered by Chadwick and known as neutron. He was awarded the Noble Price in Physics in 1935.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/ -
Werner Heisenberg
Werner Karl Heisenberg was a German theoretical physicist and one of the key pioneers of quantum mechanics. He discovered quantum mechanics in 1925. He won the Noble prize in physics for quantum mechanics. He made important contributions to the theory of hydrodynamics of turbulent flows, the atomic nucleus and subatomic particles.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1932/heisenberg-facts.html -
Dorothy Mary Hodgkin
Dorothy Mary Hodgkin was a British biochemist credited with development of protein crystalloghphy. She advanced the technique of X-Ray Crystallography, a method used to determine the three dimensional structures of biomolecules. She received Noble Prize in Chemistry in 1964.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1964/perspectives.html -
Paul J. Flory
Paul J. Flory was born on June 19 1910 in United States. He was an American Chemist and a Noble Laureate who was known for his work in the field of polymers, or macromolecules. He was awarded Noble Prize in Chemistry in 1974 for his fundamental achievements in the physical chemistry of macromolecules. He was posthumously inducted into the Alpha Chi Sigma Hall of Fame in 2002.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/1974/press.html -
Martin Karplus
Martin Karplus was born on Marh 15 1930 in Vienna, Austria. He is the Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry, emeritus at Harvard University. He is also Director of the Biophysical Chemistry Laboratory, a joint laboratory between the French National Center for Scientific Research and the University of Strasbourg, France. Martin Karplus was awarded Noble Prize in Chemistry in 2013.
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/09/nobel-prize-for-chemistry_n_4068899.html -
Gerhard Ertl
Gerhard Ertl was born in Germany. He was a German Physicist and Professor emiritus at the department of Physical Chemistry. He laid the foundation of modern surface Chemistry which helped how fuel cells were produced without pollution. He was awarded Noble Prize for Chemistry in 2007 for studies in chemical processes and solid surfaces. He was also awarded Wolf Prize in Chemistry in 1998.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2007/ertl-bio.html -
Michael Levitt
Michael Levitt is an American-British-Israeli biophysicist. He is a professor at Stanford University. Levitt was a PhD student in Computational Biology at Peterhouse, Cambridge, and was based at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology from 1968 to 1972, where he developed a computer program for studying the conformations of molecules that underpinned much of his later work. He received Noble Prize in Chemistry in 2013.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/chemistry/laureates/2013/press.html -
Eric Betzig
Eric Betzig was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He studies Physics at California Institute of Technology. He was awarded Noble Prize in Chemistry in 2014 for the development of super resolved fluorescense microscopy along with Stefan Hell and William E. Moerner. He was awarded for initiatives in Research by National Academy of Sciences in 1993.
http://www.hhmi.org/news/eric-betzig-wins-2014-nobel-prize-chemistry -
Aristotle - 384 BCE
Aristotle was born in 384 BCE in Stagira, Chalcidice. His views on physical science profoundly shaped medieval scholarship. He studied a wide variety of sciences including philosophy, physics and biology. He did not believe in the Atomic Theory since as per him all substances were made of fire, water, air and earth, He had a conception of speed and temperature. http://atomicmodelhistory.wordpress.com/2010/11/27/aristotles-contribution/
