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Johannes Kepler
Using the precise data that Tycho had collected, Kepler discovered that the orbit of Mars was an ellipse. In 1609 he published "Astronomia Nova", delineating his discoveries, which are now called Kepler's first two laws of planetary motion. In 1619, he published "Harmonices Mundi", in which he describes his "third law." Johannes Kepler also invented log books that he used as a tool for calculating planetary positions, and eyeglasses for near and far sighted persons. -
Sir Isaac Newton
<a href='http://rigel.csi.cuny.edu/rowan/lectures/The-Laws-of-Motion-(Newton-&-Gravity).pdf' >Sir Isaac Newton was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian, who has been considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever live. We best know him by his three laws of motion. He published the 3 laws in 1687. -
Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin's inventions include bifocal glasses (1784) and the iron furnace stove(1742), a small contraption with a sliding door which burns wood on a grate. In his famous experiment using a key and a kite during a thunderstorm, Franklin tested his hypothesis that lightning bolts are actually powerful electrical currents. This work led to the invention of the lightning rod in the mid eighteenth century. (1752) -
Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney Eli Whitney was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin. This was one of the key inventions of the Industrial Revolution and shaped the economy of the Antebellum South. He also affected the industrial development of the United States when, in manufacturing muskets for the government, he translated the concept of interchangeable parts into a manufacturing system, leading to the American mass-production. -
Cyrus McCormick
Cyrus H. McCormick was an industrialist and inventor of the first commercially successful reaper, a horse-drawn machine to harvest wheat. Cyrus successfully demonstrated his reaper at Steele's Tavern, Virginia, in July 1831. After a few additional modifications, he patented the invention in 1834. -
Maria Mitchell
Maria Mitchell was an American astronomer, who in 1847, by using a telescope, discovered a comet which as a result became known as the "Miss Mitchell's Comet". "We especially need imagination in science.
It is not all mathematics, nor all logic, but is
somewhat beauty and poetry." -
Samuel F.B. Morse
Samuel F.B. Morse was the inventor of the telegraph and morse code. He turned to inventing to make his fortune. Morse had little training in electricity but realized that pulses of electrical current could convey information over wires. Samuel Morse received a patent for the telegraph in 1847. -
Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur was a French chemist and microbiologist who was one of the most important founders of medical microbiology. He is remembered for his remarkable breakthroughs in the causes and preventions of disease. He was best known to the general public for inventing a method to treat milk and wine in order to prevent it from causing sickness, a process that came to be called pasteurization. He is regarded as one of the three main founders of microbiology. His work began in 1847. -
Alexander Graham Bell
Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. Throughout his life, Bell had been interested in the education of deaf people. This interest lead him to invent the microphone and, in 1876, his "electrical speech machine," which we now call a telephone. News of his invention quickly spread throughout the country, even throughout Europe. By 1878, Bell had set up the first telephone exchange in New Haven, Connecticut. By 1884, long distance connections were made between Boston, MA and NYC. -
Thomas Alva Edison
<a href='http://www.thomasedison.com/biography.html' >Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. August 12, 1877, is the date popularly given for Edison's completion of the model for the first phonograph. The first light bulb he successfully tested was on October 22, 1879. -
Willis Carrier
Willis Carrier invented the Air Conditioning. While attempts to create cooling systems had been attempted many times before, none were very successful. But Carrier managed to solve the problem, inventing a mechanical humidity controller that passed air through a filter, then over coils containing a coolant (the same basic design used in air conditioners today). In 902 the first air conditioning was in operation. -
Orville & Wilbur Wright
On December 17, 1903, a pair of inventors from Ohio named Orville and Wilbur Wright flew the world's first airplane. The invention, known as the Wright Flyer, took to the skies for 12 seconds, flying a distance of 120 feet. Though only five people were there to witness the flight, the invention would eventually become one of the most important of the twentieth century – one that would unite people throughout the United States and the world. -
Henry Ford
Henry Ford was an American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and sponsor of the development of the assembly line technique of mass production. The Model T made its debut in 1908 with a purchase price of $825.00. -
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the general theory of relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. Einstein always appeared to have a clear view of the problems of physics and the determination to solve them. He had a strategy of his own and was able to visualize the main stages on the way to his goal. -
George Washington Carver
As an agricultural chemist, Carver discovered three hundred uses for peanuts and hundreds more uses for soybeans, pecans and sweet potatoes. Among the listed items that he suggested to southern farmers to help them economically were his recipes and improvements to/for: adhesives, axle grease, bleach, buttermilk, chili sauce, fuel briquettes, ink, instant coffee, linoleum, mayonnaise, meat tenderizer, metal polish, paper, plastic, pavement and so on. Carver received three patents between 1925-27. -
Jonas Salk
American physician and epidemiologist Jonas Salk developed the first effective vaccine against poliomyelitis (polio), a crippling disease that killed more than 3,000 Americans at the epidemic's peak in 1952. Salk began his research into polio in 1947, and tested his inactivated poliovirus vaccine in the early 1950s. The vaccine was approved for public use on 12 April 1955. -
Bill Gates
William H. Gates, III was born in Seattle, Washington. Along with Paul Allen, he moved to New Mexico at the end of 1975 to produce software for MITS. The following year, they started their own company, Microsoft. When IBM finally decided to make the move into manufacturing personal computers in 1980, it turned to Gates and Microsoft to produce an operating system. -
Paul Allen
http://www.biography.com/people/paul-allen-9542239Paul Gardner Allen is an American investor and philanthropist best known as the co-founder, with Bill Gates, of Microsoft Corporation, a leading developer of personal-computer software systems and applications. In 1983, Allen, known as the "idea man" counterpart to Gates' "man of action," resigned from Microsoft after being diagnosed with Hodgkin's disease. -
Lonnie G. Johnson
Finishing his master's, Lonnie G. Johnson joined the Air Force and was assigned to the Strategic Air Command, where he helped develop the stealth bomber program. His other assignments included working as a systems engineer for the Galileo mission to Jupiter and the Cassini mission to Saturn. Johnson also created the Super Soaker squirt gun, which became one of the most popular toys in the world. Invented in 1988. -
Steve Jobs
Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs was an American entrepreneur. He is best known as the co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Inc. Jobs wasn't just a savvy businessman, he was a visionary who made it his mission to humanize personal computing, rewriting the rules of user experience design, hardware design and software design. His actions reverberated across industry lines through music business, dragged the wireless carriers into the boxing ring, and changed the way software and hardware are sold.
