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1200
Roger Bacon
Inspired by the works of early Muslim scientists like Avicenna and Averroës, he is known as one of the earliest European advocates of Empiricism and the modern scientific method, although later studies have emphasized his reliance on occult and alchemical traditions. He decried the prevailing Scholastic system, based as it was solely on tradition and prescribed authorities. -
1529
Copernicus
He was a Polish mathematician and astronomer who developed a theory for the universe that placed the Sun at the center, rather than the Earth. The influence of this discovery was so profound that the new wave of astronomy that followed has been termed the Copernican Revolution. His own theory, called the heliocentric view of space, suggested that the sun is the center of the universe. He wrote a book on this theory. -
1540
Vesalius
Vesalius believed that surgery had to be grounded in anatomy. Unusually, he always performed dissections himself and produced anatomical charts of the blood and nervous systems. Vesalius wrote a pamphlet on blood letting, a popular treatment for a variety of illnesses. Vesalius published 'De Humani Corporis Fabrica'. The book was based largely on human dissection, and transformed anatomy and our understanding of it. -
Compound Microscope
A high power or compound microscope achieves higher levels of magnification than a stereo or low power microscope. It is used to view smaller specimens such as cell structures which cannot be seen at lower levels of magnification. -
René Descartes
René Descartes' fame is justified due both to his break with the traditional Scholastic-Aristotelian philosophy prevalent at his time and to his development and promotion of the new, mechanistic sciences. First, Descartes thought that the Scholastics’ method was prone to doubt given their reliance on sensation as the source for all knowledge. Second, he wanted to replace their final causal model of scientific explanation with the more modern, mechanistic model. -
Compass
an instrument containing a magnetized pointer that shows the direction of magnetic north and bearings from it.It is also known as an instrument for drawing circles and arcs and measuring distances between points, consisting of two arms linked by a movable joint, one arm ending in a point and the other usually carrying a pencil or pen. This "set the course" for the scientific revolution and our discovery of new places. -
Galileo
Galileo Galilei made major contributions to the fields of physics, astronomy, cosmology, mathematics and philosophy. He invented an improved telescope that let him observe and describe the moons of Jupiter, the rings of Saturn, the phases of Venus, sunspots and the rugged lunar surface. His advocacy of a heliocentric universe brought him before religious authorities in and he was forced to recant and placed under house arrest for the rest of his life. -
William Harvey
William Harvey was the first person to correctly describe blood’s circulation in the body. He showed that arteries and veins form a complete circuit. The circuit starts at the heart and leads back to the heart. In 1628. Harvey published his masterpiece – usually referred to as De Moto Cordis – the Motion of the Heart. Its full title in English is: Anatomical Studies on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals. -
The barometer
A barometer is a scientific instrument used in meteorology to measure atmospheric pressure. Pressure tendency can forecast short term changes in the weather. Numerous measurements of air pressure are used within surface weather analysis to help find surface troughs, high pressure systems and frontal boundaries. -
Francis Bacon
Francis Bacon developed methods for philosophers to use in weighing the truthfulness of knowledge. While Bacon agreed with medieval thinkers that humans too often erred in interpreting what their five senses perceived. He also realized that people's sensory experiences provided the best possible means of making sense of the world. He knew humans could incorrectly interpret anything they sensed. He insisted that they must doubt everything before assuming its truth. -
Robert Boyle
Robert William Boyle natural philosopher, chemist, physicist and inventor. Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method. He is best known for Boyle's law, which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system. -
Kepler
He was a German mathematician and astronomer who discovered that the Earth and planets travel about the sun in elliptical orbits. He gave three fundamental laws of planetary motion. He also did important work in optics and geometry. -
Reflecting Telescope
A reflecting telescope (also called a reflector) is a telescope that uses a single or combination of curved mirrors that reflect light and form an image. Issac Newton invented this, and it changed the way we learn about our solar system. -
Isaac Newton
Besides his work on gravity, Newton developed the three laws of motion which form the basic principles of modern physics. His discovery of calculus led the way to more powerful methods of solving mathematical problems. -
The Scientific Method
Rene descartes and Francis Bacon invented the scientific method. This method is a step by step method for performing experiments and other scientific research. They both out their ideas into it like; scientists should observe the world and gather data , doubt everything till it can be proven with reason.
