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Forest consistently produces cleaner water than urban or artificial lands. The benefits of forest cover to raw water quality and have been studied in detail particularly in the United States.
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Headwater composes over 75% of the stream mileage in the United States
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Forestlands sink for nutrients and atmospheric pollutants, trapping it before they enter the streams.
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Maintaining lands in the headwater area is the best way to feasible to assure the health of headwaters and streams. The heath would also reach further down the stream. The retention of riparian buffers detention ponds cannot always protect the water quality from widespread land and development.
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Forestlands prevent sedimentation to streams, consitantly produce lower turbidity.
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Headwater streams are the most immediate conduits of non-point source pollution. Their condition is a major determinant of the health and quality of the waters
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Studies of streams have not shown any biological or water quality improvement
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Studies support the efficacy of agricultural best manages the field or stream reach scale. The watershed-scale monitoring of BMP and water quality output of mixed land uses have been used less frequent.
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They wanted to deepen 38 miles of Savannah River, but that would increase saltwater intrusion and jeopardize freshwater marshlands. Water supplies would be endangered for communities and habitat for endangered aquatic species