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The Trans-Seiberian railway is the longest railway in the world.
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Under his rule, Russia was humiliatingly defeated in the Russo-Japanese War, which saw the almost total annihilation of the Russian Baltic Fleet at the Battle of Tsushima.
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The name literally means the Chinese National People's Party, but is more often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party.
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The Bolsheviks and Mensheviks were both revolutionary political parties of Marxist origins.
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Japan won a series of decisive victories over the Russians, who underestimated the military potential of its oponent.
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Unarmed demonstrators marching to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard when approaching the city center and the Winter Palace from several gathering points.
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It reconciles Maxwell's equations for electricity and magnetism with the laws of mechanics, by introducing major changes to mechanics close to the speed of light.
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He was appointed to serve as Provisional President of the Republic of China, when it was founded in 1912. He later co-founded the Kuomintang (KMT), serving as its first leader.
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In the chaos, members of the Imperial parliament or Duma assumed control of the country, forming the Russian Provisional Government.
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Most Russians had lost faith in the leadership ability of Czar Nicholas II. Government corruption was rampant, the Russian economy remained backward, and Nicholas repeatedly dissolved the Duma.
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During the February Revolution, Czar Nicholas II, ruler of Russia since 1894, is forced to abdicate the throne by the Petrograd insurgents, and a provincial government is installed in his place.
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Lenin enforced a new policy in Russia helped the already poor economy.
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Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin led his leftist revolutionaries in a revolt against the ineffective Provisional Government.
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Was a multi-party war in the former Russian Empire fought between the Bolshevik Red Army and the White Army, the loosely allied anti-Bolshevik forces.
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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was a peace treaty on March 3, 1918, between the new Bolshevik government of Russia and the Central Powers.
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The Weimar Republic experienced severe problems from its start. Ebert, the first head of the Weimar Republic, and his government were in a very difficult position.
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The term "May Fourth Movement" in a broader sense often refers to the period during 1915-1921 more often called the New Culture Movement.
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The final Covenant of the League of Nations was drafted by a special commission, and the League was established by Part I of the Treaty of Versailles.
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The party emerged from the German nationalist, racist and populist Freikorps paramilitary culture, which fought against the communist uprisings in post-World War I Germany.
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The confrence was held from 12th November, 1921 to 6th February, 1922.
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Under Stalin's rule, the concept of "socialism in one country" became a central tenet of Soviet society.
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A conference of plenipotentiary delegations from the Russian SFSR, the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR approved the Treaty of Creation of the USSR and the Declaration of the Creation of the USSR, forming the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
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Lenin was the leader of the radical socialist Bolshevik Party (later renamed the Communist Party), which seized power in the October phase of the Russian Revolution of 1917.
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The plan was proposed in april but, it took effect in August, 1924.
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The death of Sun Yat-sen lead to the leadership of Jiang Jieshi.
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The book was translated into English on 13 October, 1939.
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He was the dictator of Italy before he was offered to be the leader.
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Although better known outside of Japan by his personal name Hirohito, in Japan he is now referred to primarily by his posthumous name Emperor Shōwa.
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Was a civil war in China fought between forces loyal to the government of the Republic of China led by the Kuomintang (KMT) and forces of the Communist Party of China (CPC).
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The Spirit of St. Louis carried Charles Lindbergh from New York to Paris in 33 and a half hours, the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
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The pact was also called the pact of Paris.
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The plans were a series of nation-wide centralized economic plans in the Soviet Union. The plans were developed by a state planning committee based on the Theory of Productive Forces.
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The depression hit United Sates with a suprising force and lasted more than10 years.
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There were so many orders to sell that the ticker quickly fell behind. (By the end of close, it had lagged to 2 1/2 hours behind.) People were in a panic; they couldn't get rid of their stocks fast enough.
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Japan claimed that Chinese soldiers had sabotaged the railway, and attacked the Chinese army.
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The Japanese invasion of Manchuria began, when the Kwantung Army of the Empire of Japan invaded Manchuria immediately following the Mukden Incident.
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During this time, Jews in Europe were subjected to progressively harsher persecution that ultimately led to the murder of 6,000,000 Jews and the destruction of 5,000 Jewish communities
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This appointment was made in an effort to keep Hitler and the Nazi Party “in check”; however, it would have disastrous results for Germany and the entire European continent.
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At the height of the Great Depression, Franklin Roosevelt delivered his first inaugural address before 100,000 people on Washington's Capitol Plaza.
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Assuming the Presidency at the depth of the Great Depression, Franklin D. Roosevelt helped the American people regain faith in themselves. He brought hope as he promised prompt and vigorous action.
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The Long March was a military retreat undertaken by the Red Army of the Communist Party of China.
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Hitler defies the treaty by building up an army and taking back Rhineland.
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The act imposed a general embargo on trading in arms and war materials with all parties in a war. It also declared that American citizens travelling on warring ships travelled at their own risk.
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Shortly after the League exonerated both parties in the Walwal incident, Italian armed forces from Eritrea invaded Ethiopia without a declaration of war, prompting Ethiopia to declare war on Italy, thus beginning the Second Italo–Abyssinian War.
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German troops marched into the Rhineland. This action was directly against the Treaty of Versailles which had laid out the terms which the defeated Germany had accepted.
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The Great Purge was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin from 1934 to 1939.
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Was fought between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratically elected Spanish Republic, and the Nationalists, a rebel group led by General Francisco Franco.
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This was formed between Italy and Germany and there was a book written about it.
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An accurate estimation of the death toll in the massacre has not been achieved because most of the Japanese military records on the killings were deliberately destroyed or kept secret shortly after the surrender of Japan in 1945.
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There had been several years of pressure by supporters in both Austria and Germany (by both Nazis and non-Nazis) for the "Heim ins Reich" movement.
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The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation "Sudetenland" was coined.
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In an incident known as “Kristallnacht”, Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses and killed close to 100 Jews.
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Then on the morning of 15 March, German troops entered Bohemia and Moravia, meeting practically no resistance.
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Representatives from Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union met and signed the Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact, which guaranteed that the two countries would not attack each other.
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Germany declared war on Poland;attacked with massed motorized columns of armor, infantry, artillery and waves of bombers and fighters in what was dubbed the Blitzkrieg
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This move was not popular with many Geramans who supported Hitler.
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On the outbreak of the Second World War, he was again appointed First Lord of the Admiralty. Following the resignation of Neville Chamberlain, Churchill became Prime Minister.
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At least 1.1 million prisoners died at Auschwitz, around 90 percent of them Jewish; approximately 1 in 6 Jews killed in the Holocaust died at the camp.
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The evacuation of Allied forces from Dunkirk on the Belgian coast ends as German forces capture the beach port. The nine-day evacuation, the largest of its kind in history and an unexpected success, saved 338,000 Allied troops from capture by the Nazis.
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Divided France into two zones: one to be under German military occupation and one to be left to the French in full sovereignty, at least nominally.
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The Battle of Britain was the German air force's attempt to gain air superiority over the RAF from July to September 1940.
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The Tripartite Pact, also the Three-Power Pact, Axis Pact, Three-way Pact or Tripartite Treaty was a pact signed in Berlin, Germany, which established the Axis Powers of World War II.
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President Roosevelt signs the lend-lease act to aid Britain and China.
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Operation Barbarossa was the code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.
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The Atlantic Charter was drafted at the Atlantic Conference (codenamed Riviera) by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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The attack was intended as a preventive action in order to keep the U.S. Pacific Fleet from interfering with military actions the Empire of Japan was planning in Southeast Asia against overseas territories of the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and the United States.
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The day after the Japense attacked Pearl Harbor, congress declared war and the United States entered World War II.
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There were 3 gas chambers at the camp and the inmates were mainly Jews.
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The Final Solution was a plan of Adolf Hitler's to kill all the Jews in Europe. Hitler's Anti- Semitic ideas were so strong that he released hatred by mass murder.
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Was the World War II internment in "War Relocation Camps" of over 110,000 people of Japanese heritage who lived on the Pacific coast of the United States.
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The Deadly March of American and Filipino POWs During World War II.
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The Doolittle Raid was the first U.S. air raid to strike the Japanese home islands during WWII. The mission is notable in that it was the only operation in which U.S. Army Air Forces bombers were launched from an aircraft carrier into combat.
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The Battle of the Coral Sea, fought during 4–8 May 1942, was a major naval battle in the Pacific Theater of World War II between the Imperial Japanese Navy and naval and air forces from the United States and Australia.
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This battle happened 6 months after Pearl Harbor was attacked.
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The Battle of El Alamein, fought in the deserts of North Africa, is seen as one of the decisive victories of World War Two. The Battle of El Alamein was primarily fought between two of the outstanding commanders of World War Two, Montgomery, who succeeded the dismissed Auchinleck, and Rommel.
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The battle lasted from 7th August, 1942 to 9th February, 1943.
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It was a battle between Germany and its allies and the Soviet Union for the Soviet city of Stalingrad;when the German advanced into the Soviet territory they were halted by the severe resistance of the Red Army.
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Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the British-American invasion of French North Africa during the North African Campaign of the Second World War.
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The confrence was held at Anfa Hotel and lasted about 11 days.
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The Allies begin their invasion of Axis-controlled Europe with landings on the island of Sicily, off mainland Italy. Encountering little resistance from the demoralized Sicilian troops.
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Was a military strategy employed by the Allies in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis powers during World War II. The idea was to bypass heavily fortified Japanese positions and instead concentrate the limited Allied resources on strategically important islands.
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The Tehran Conference was a meeting between U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in Tehran, Iran.
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Operation Overload is the code-name given to the Allied invasion of France.
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They had long lost aerial dominance due to outdated aircraft and the loss of experienced pilots. On a macroeconomic scale, Japan experienced a decreasing capacity to wage war, and a rapidly declining industrial capacity relative to the United States.
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A few hours after his troops landed, MacArthur waded ashore onto the Philippine island of Leyte. That day, he made a radio broadcast in which he declared, "People of the Philippines, I have returned!"
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Was a major German offensive campaign launched through the densely forested Ardennes region of Wallonia in Belgium, France and Luxembourg on the Western Front toward the end of World War II in Europe.
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Was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union, respectively, for the purpose of discussing Europe's post-war reorganization.
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Was a major battle in which the United States Armed Forces fought for and captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese Empire.
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The Battle of Okinawa, codenamed Operation Iceberg,[4] was fought on the Ryukyu Islands of Okinawa.
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Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party.
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His wife Eva (née Braun) committed suicide with him by ingesting cyanide.
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Germany signed an unconditional surrender at Allied headquarters in Reims, France, to take effect the following day, ending the European conflict of World War II.
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Marks the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces. It thus marked the end of World War II in Europe.
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This once classified photograph features the first atomic bomb — a weapon that atomic scientists had nicknamed "Gadget."
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The Big Three met in Potsdam, Germany to negotiate terms for the end of World War II.
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The United States becomes the first and only nation to use atomic weaponry during wartime when it drops an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima.
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A second atom bomb is dropped on Japan by the United States, at Nagasaki, resulting finally in Japan's unconditional surrender.
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It was announced that Japan had surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, effectively ending World War II.
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More that two weeks after acceping the Allies terms, Japan formally surrendered. The ceremonies, less than half an hour long, took place on board the battleship USS Missouri, anchored with other United States' and British ships in Tokyo Bay.
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On this day in 1945, a series of trials of accused Nazi war criminals, conducted by a U.S., French, and Soviet military.
