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His reign saw Imperial Russia go from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse.
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The name literally means the Chinese National People's Party, but is more often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party.
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The Bolsheviks were a faction of the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which split apart from the Menshevik faction at the Second Party Congress in 1903.
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A military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in the Far East, becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power.
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Where unarmed demonstrators marching to present a petition to Tsar Nicholas II were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard, approaching the city center and the Winter Palace from several gathering points.
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On December 25, Sun Yat-sen, the spearhead behind the revolution, returned to China after sixteen years of exile to join the meetings. Four days later, he was elected the provisional president of the Republic of China.
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At the end of the First World War, in 1918, China was convinced it would be able to reclaim the territories occupied by the Germans in present-day Shandong Province.
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As soon as the Trans-Siberian was built, it began to have a significant impact on economic development, and contributed to the acceleration and growth of the circulation of goods.
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March 1917 saw major changes in Russia. Rasputin was dead and Lenin was out of the country. By the start of 1917, the people of Russia were very angry.
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Is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Russian SFSR
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Nicholas II of Russia abdicated the throne, thus ending the Romanov dynasty.
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The New Economic Policy was introduced to replace the failed policy of War Communism.
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The Russian Revolution and Russian Civil War ended with Vladimir Lenin in power and the country renamed the USSR.
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The country of Russia was in ruins, ripe for revolution.
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A multi-party war in the former Russian Empire fought between the Bolshevik Red Army and the White Army, the loosely allied anti-Bolshevik forces.
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treaties of Brest-Litovsk, peace treaties signed at Brest-Litovsk by the Central Powers with the Ukrainian Republic and with Soviet Russia, which concluded hostilities between those countries during World War I.
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The Weimar Ruplblic became the new government in Germany which was weak and not trusted.
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The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes.
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The term "theory of relativity" was based on the expression "relative theory."
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Communism was the new political system in the USSR.
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The committee was dissolved, and Hitler was granted nearly absolute powers as the party's sole leader.
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Washington Conference, also called Washington Naval Conference, international conference called by the United States to limit the naval arms race and to work out security agreements in the Pacific area. Held in Washington, D.C., the conference resulted in the drafting and signing of several major and minor treaty agreements.
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Mussolini assembled the Fascist Party conference earlier in October, and he was sworn in as Prime Minister on October 31.
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After advancing island by island across the Pacific Ocean, U.S. General Douglas MacArthur wades ashore onto the Philippine island of Leyte, fulfilling his promise to return to the area he was forced to flee in 1942.
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Charles G. Dawes came up with a plan so that Germany's annual reparation payments would be reduced, increasing over time as its economy improved; the full amount to be paid was not yet determined.
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Jiang Jieshi was an influential member of the Chinese Nationalist Party, Kuomintang, and was a close ally of Sun Yat-Sen.
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Mein Kampf is an autobiographical manifesto by Nazi leader Adolf Hitler, in which he outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.
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Hirohito became the Emperor of Japan after his fathers death in 1926.
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Because of a difference in thinking between the Communist Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Nationalist Kuomintang (KMT), there was a fight for legitimacy as the government of China.
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The Spirit of St. Louis carried Charles Lindbergh from New York to Paris in 33 and a half hours, the first nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean.
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The plans were developed by a state planning committee based on the Theory of Productive Forces that was part of the general guidelines of the Communist Party for economic development.
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The Kellogg-Briand Pact was signed whereby countries agreed not to use military force for aggressive ends.
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After Lenin died in 1924, Stalin eventually outmaneuvered his rivals and won the power struggle for control of the Communist Party. By the late 1920s, he had become dictator of the Soviet Union.
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On October 29, 1929 the stock market crashed and the Great Depression began.
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Black Tuesday hit Wall Street as investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors.
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Japan launched an attack on Manchuria. Within a few days Japanese armed forces had occupied several strategic points in South Manchuria.
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Jews in Europe were subjected to progressively harsher persecution that ultimately led to the murder of 6,000,000 Jews and the destruction of 5,000 Jewish communities.
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President Paul von Hindenburg names Adolf Hitler, leader or fÜhrer of the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi Party), as chancellor of Germany.
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On the eve of his inauguration he inspired confidence with the people when he told them " The only thing we have to fear is fear itself."
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The Great Purge was a campaign of political repression in the Soviet Union orchestrated by Joseph Stalin from 1934 to 1939.
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It took the Red Army 40 days to get through the blockhouses surrounding Jiangxi but no sooner had they done this than they were attacked at Xiang by the Guomindang.
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Hitler began a period of aggression and appeasement when he denouned the Treaty of Versailles.
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Roosevelt invoked the act after Italy's invasion of Ethiopia in October 1935, preventing all arms and ammunition shipments to both countries.
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During this period of threatening hostilities the League of Nations was endeavoring to prevent the outbreak of war; the Italian Government, however, refused to be deterred from carrying out its plan for conquest.
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Nazi leader Adolf Hitler violates the Treaty of Versailles and the Locarno Pact by sending German military forces into the Rhineland, a demilitarized zone along the Rhine Riverin western Germany.
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Rome-Berlin Axis, Coalition formed in 1936 between Italy and Germany. An agreement formulated by Italy’s foreign minister Galeazzo Ciano informally linking the two fascist countries.
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The Japanese invaded China proper, launching the Second Sino-Japanese War.
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The brutality of the Japanese soldiers toward the Chinese occurred during the Rpae of Nanking.
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A political union of Austria with Germany, achieved through annexation by Adolf Hitler in 1938.
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The German occupation of Czechoslovakia began with the Nazi annexation of Czechoslovakia's northern and western border regions, known collectively as the Sudetenland, under terms outlined by the Munich Agreement.
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Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, French Premier Edouard Daladier, and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain sign the Munich Pact, which seals the fate of Czechoslovakia, virtually handing it over to Germany in the name of peace.
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The Nazis staged violent pogroms—state sanctioned, anti-Jewish riots—against the Jewish communities of Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland.
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This non-aggression pact stated that neither country would attack the other for 10 years.
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On September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland, the Polish army was defeated within weeks of the invasion.
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A phase early in World War II that was marked by a lack of major military operations by the Western Allies (the United Kingdom and France) against the German Reich.
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This camp housed prisoners, was the location of medical experiments, and the site of Block 11 (a place of severe torture) and the Black Wall (a place of execution).
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Winston Churchill was in office from May 10, 1940 until July 26, 1945.
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The evacuation of Allied soldiers from the beaches and harbour of Dunkirk, France, between 27 May and 4 June 1940.
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The Franco-German Armistice of June 22, 1940, divided France into two zones: one to be under German military occupation and one to be left to the French in full sovereignty.
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After the success of Blitzkrieg, the evacuation of Dunkirk and the surrender of France, Britain was by herself. The Battle of Britain remains one of the most famous battles of World War Two.
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This Pact established the Axis Powers in World War II.
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The Lend-Lease Act was the principal means for providing U.S. military aid to foreign nations during World War II.
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The code name for Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II.
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After the Nazi party rise to power, state-enforced racism resulted in anti-Jewish legislation, boycotts, "Aryanization," and finally the "Night of Broken Glass" pogrom, all of which aimed to remove the Jews from German society.
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It was a pivotal policy statement issued in August 14,1941 that, early in World War II, defined the Allied goals for the post-war world.
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The Manhattan Project was the code name to build the atomic bomb.
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The estimated number of deaths is 150-300,000, mainly Jews.
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After the U.S. declared war on Japan, ermany declared war on the U.S.
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President Franklin Roosevelt requests, and receives, a declaration of war against Japan.
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President Roosevelt on February 19, 1942, signed Executive Order 9066, giving the secretary of war the power to designate military areas from which “any or all persons may be excluded” and authorized military commanders to initiate orders they deemed advisable to enforce such action.
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The Japanese assembled about 78,000 prisoners (12,000 U.S. and 66,000 Filipino). They began marching up the east coast of Bataan. Although they didn't know it, their destination was Camp O'Donnell.
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These raids demonstrated that Japan itself was vulnerable to American air attack, was retaliation for the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941, provided an important boost to U.S. morale, and damaged Japanese morale.
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The Japanese were prevented from taking Australia.
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The Battle of Midway is considered the turning point of the war in the Pacific.
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This battle was fought for control of North Africa and the Suez Canal. It's considered the turning point in the war in Africa.
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A military campaign on and around the island of Guadalcanal in the Pacific theatre of World War II.
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Known as the turning point in the war in Europe.
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The majority of kamikaze pilots were young noncommissioned or petty officers, that is graduates of Navy and Army junior flight training schools.
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Operation Torch was the name given to the Allied invasion of French North Africa in November 1942. Operation Torch was the first time the British and Americans had jointly worked on an invasion plan together.
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Winston Churchill and FKR attended and made an agreement to only accept an unconditional surrender in Europe.
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The Allies decided to move next against Italy, hoping an Allied invasion would remove that fascist regime from the war, secure the central Mediterranean and divert German divisions from the northwest coast of France where the Allies planned to attack in the near future.
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The island-hopping campaign essentially refers to the effort mounted by the United States in the Central Pacific; it also began with the capture of Tarawa.
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First meeting of the Big 3, and the D-Day Invasion was planned here.
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June 6, 1944, 160,000 Allied troops landed along a 50-mile stretch of heavily-fortified French coastline to fight Nazi Germany on the beaches of Normandy, France.
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The last German offensive in teh war was the Battle of the Bulge.
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Stalin agreed to declare war on Japan within 3 months after Germany surrendered, also a decision was made to create the United Nations.
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A major battle in which the United States Armed Forces fought for and captured the island of Iwo Jima from the Japanese Empire.
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The capture of Okinawa was part of a three-point plan the Americans had for winning the war in the Far East.
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During the last days of the war in Italy, Dictator Benito Mussolini attempted to escape the advancing Allied Army by hiding in a German convoy headed toward the Alps.
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That afternoon, in accordance with Hitler's prior instructions, their remains were carried up the stairs through the bunker's emergency exit, doused in petrol, and set alight in the Reich Chancellery garden outside the bunker.
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Three days after Adolf Hitler committed suicide Germany surrendered.
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The public holiday celebrated on 8 May 1945 to mark the formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces.
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Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb on Japan.
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Instantly, 70,000 Japanese citizens were vaporized when the bomb was dropped.
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This bomb had a core of plutonium 239, was 3.5 meters in length by 1.5 meters in diameter, and it weighed 4.5 tons. Its plutonium core was surrounded by 64 explosive charges arranged in an inner and outer shell.
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Victory over Japan Day is a name chosen for the day on which Japan surrendered, in effect ending World War II.
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By the end of July 1945, the Imperial Japanese Navy was incapable of conducting operations and an Allied invasion of Japan was imminent.
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After the war, 24 high ranking Nazis were put on trial for war crimes at the Nuremberg Trials.
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The programs were in response to the Great Depression, and focused on what historians call the "3 Rs": Relief, Recovery, and Reform.
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The revolt was fought between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratically elected Spanish Republic, and the Nationalists, a rebel group led by General Francisco Franco.
