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Revolutionary War Timeline
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George Washington
-George Washington (1732-99) was commander in chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War (1775-83) and served two terms as the first U.S. president, from 1789 to 1797.
-Battle of Trenton, first US President, Battle of Long Island, Brandywine, White Plains, Germantown, Monmouth, Yorktown surrender
-Patriot -
Thomas Paine
-Paine served as a person that increased colonist morale and put his ideas out there for colonists to see and agree with
-He wrote Common Sense which became widely popular in the colonies and served as a personal assistant to Nathanael Greene traveling with the Continental Army, Crisis Papers
-Died:1809 -Patriot -
George III
-King of Great Britain, George III is often accused of obstinately trying to keep Great Britain at war with the revolutionaries in America, despite the opinions of his own ministers
-American Revolution, any of the tax acts upon the colonies
-Died in 1820
-Obvious loyalist -
Lord Cornwallis
-second in command (lieutenant general) to Gen. Henry Clinton and helped lead the British army
-Battle of New York, Brandywine, Camden, surrendered at Yorktown
-Death: October 5, 1805 in Ghazipur, India
-Obvious loyalist -
Thomas Jefferson
-During the American Revolutionary War (1775-83), Jefferson served in the Virginia legislature and the Continental Congress and was governor of Virginia.
-Wrote the Declaration of Independence, 3rd President of US, wrote Statute of Virgina for Religious Freedom, served as Virginia governor, part of Continental Congress
-Patriot
-Death: July 4, 1826 -
Marquis De Lafayette
-Marquis was a French aristocrat and military officer who was a general in the American Revolutionary War and a close friend of George Washington. Lafayette was a key figure in the French Revolution of 1789 and the July Revolution of 1830. He helped train the troops too
-Brandywine, Albany, and Conway Cabal
-Patriot
-Died in 1834 -
Stamp Act
-They were taxes on paper products like stamps, letters, etc.
-British Parliament and George III took part in passing the act
-They were passed in Britain and enacted on the colonies
-These taxed smart important people like lawyers and enlightenment thinkers so they realized taxation without representation was an issue and this furthered the want for independence -
Boston Massacre
-A shooting of innocent citizens by British soldiers
-Boston, MA
-The patriots were mad about the parliamentary legislation that was being enforced and crownded arounf the British soldiers who shot killing a few and wounding a few
-It heightened tension with Britain throughout the colonies and eventually also led to the war as well
-Paul Revere is the one who drew the well known depiction -
Boston Tea Party
-In 1771, a group of colonists protest thirteen years of increasing British oppression, by attacking merchant ships in Boston Harbor. In retaliation, the British close the port, and inflict even harsher penalties.
-Was the dumping of the British East India company tea into the harbor as protest
-Boston, MA
-The sons of liberty initiated it while dressed as indians
-It casued the British to close the port and put into affect the Intolerable Acts which only casued more tension and spark for war -
Battle of Lexington and Concord
-Lexington and Concord, Massachussetts
-The morning of April 19, 1775
-Technically there wasn't a true winner the patriots held off the redcoats but the redcoats made it to safety with backup
-It was the first fight between the British and colonists and may have taught the colonists how to do things in the future -
Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill)
-Breed's Hill in in Massachusetts
-In June of 1775 at daybreak
-The winner was the British but they suffered more fatalities than the patriots did
-It was the first true battle (techincally the second because of lexington and concord) where there was a clear winner of the war and it showed the colonists that the British weren't invincible -
Common Sense
-it was a pamphlet advocating independence for the colonies
-Thomas Paine started them
-They were first published in Philadephia and then spread to the other 13 colonies
-It caused colonists to really think about their freedoma and it helped gain support for the patriot casuse as well as spark war efforts and heighten them -
Declaration of Independence
-It was the formal document stating the independence and rights of the colonists from the British
-The enlightenment got people thinking and Thomas Jefferson wrote it
-Philadelphia, PA
-It was a document written and signed during the beginning of the war and sparked rivalry with Britain further -
Battle of Trenton
-Trenton, New Jersey
-Dec 26, 1776 in the morning
-The hazardous crossing of the river in adverse weather made it possible for Washington to lead the main body of the Continental Army against Hessian soldiers garrisoned at Trenton. After a brief battle, nearly the entire Hessian force was captured, with negligible losses to the Americans.
-The battle significantly boosted the Continental Army's flagging morale, and inspired reenlistments. -
Battle of Brandywine
-In Pennsylvania
-Day of sep 11 1777
-Win for the British
-Although the American army was forced to retreat after the Battle of Brandywine, the defeat did not demoralize the men. They believed the defeat was not the result of poor fighting ability but rather because of unfamiliarity with the landscape and poor reconnaissance information. -
Battle of Saratoga
-Saratoga, NY
-two battles 14 days apart
-On September 19th, British General John Burgoyne achieved a small, but costly victory over American forces led by Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold. Though his troop strength had been weakened, Burgoyne again attacked the Americans at Bemis Heights on October 7th, but this time was defeated and forced to retreat. He surrendered ten days later.
-It was a turning point in the war and convinced the French to fight with the colonists -
Battle of Yorktown
-Yorktown, Virginia
-Started on September 28, 1781 lasted 3 weeks
-By September 28, Washington had completely encircled Cornwallis and Yorktown with the combined forces of Continental and French troops. After three weeks of non-stop bombardment, both day and night, from cannon and artillery, Cornwallis surrendered to Washington in the field at Yorktown on October 17, 1781, effectively ending the War for Independence.
-This was the end of the war and Britain recognized America's independence -
Treaty of Paris 1783
-The treaty ending the Revolutionary War and recognizing America's independence
-The preliminary articles of peace were signed by Adams, Franklin, Jay, and Henry Laurens for the United States and Richard Oswald for Great Britain on November 30, 1782.
-Signed in Paris
-It ended the the war and Americans were free from Britain's control
