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1100
1100s
Several factors pave the way for the Renaissance in Italy and northern Europe. These include the increasing failure of the Roman Catholic Church to provide stability in spiritual and civic life and the rise in importance of city-states and national monarchies. -
1200
Late 1200s and Early 1300s
"During the 13th and 14th centuries, the movement is known as humanism also arises. Humanism is based on three main principles: human nature is the primary subject of study; all philosophies and theologies have an underlying unity, and individual human beings possess innate dignity." -
1400
Early 1400s
"Architect Filippo Brunelleschi and sculptor Donatello travel to Rome, where they immerse themselves in the study of ancient architecture and sculpture. Succeeding artists continue to research anatomy and aerial perspective." -
1432
Major Artists
The city of Florence becomes a center of Renaissance art and learning. The Medici family finances most of the major artists of this period, including Lorenzo Ghiberti, Donatello, Sandro Botticelli, and Brunelleschi. The Medici, who trade with all the major cities of Europe, bring the art of oil painting to Italy from the Northern Renaissance of Europe. -
1453
Literacy
After the fall of Constantinople to the Ottoman Empire, many eastern scholars flee to Italy. They bring books and manuscripts of Classical Greek wisdom and knowledge, which help foster Renaissance ideas and values throughout Europe.